Mario Guaita aka Mario Ausonia (1881-1956) was an Italian actor, director, producer and scriptwriter in the silent era. He had his international breakthrough with Spartaco (Enrico Vidali, 1913).
![Mario Ausonia]()
French postcard by Cinématographes Méric.
Perfect Body
Mario Ausonia was born Mario Guaita in Milan, Italy in 1881, into a well-to-do family of Lombardy. He left his studies of medicine and dedicated himself to athletics and vaudeville. As member of the Trio Ausonia, ‘Gladiators of the Twentieth Century’, he did tableaux vivants of famous paintings and sculptures. The trio knew triumphant successes, not only in Italy but all over Europe. In 1912 he switched to cinema and played at the Pasquali company of Turin his first – supporting - role in Sui gradini del trono/On the Steps of the Throne (Ubaldo Maria Del Colle, 1912), starring Alberto Capozzi. Here, Guaita already acted under his stage name Ausonia. He would use this name all through his film career. After another supporting part in a film with Capozzi, L’ultimo convegno/Under Suspicion (Giovanni Enrico Vidali, 1913), Guaita had a major role in La zia di Carlo/Charley’s Aunt (Umberto Paradisi, 1913), an adaptation of Charley’s Aunt. His real and international breakthrough came with the epic film Spartaco – Il gladiatore della Tracia/Spartacus (1913, released early 1914), a prestigious production by Pasquali and directed by Enrico Vidali, who had co-acted with Ausonia in Sui gradini del trono and had directed him in L’ultimo convegno. The Italian film journal Vita cinematografica praised Guaita for ‘the plastic beauty of his appearance, the attraction and at the same time the power and swiftness of his perfect body, his penetrating glance, and his perfect acting.’ In American publicity he was described as ‘a celebrated Italian wrestler and fine actor, whose physique and finely chiseled face make him an extraordinary prototype [sic!] of the ancient gladiator.’ Actually in Spartaco the camera is often focusing on Ausonia’s naked upper body, his muscular arms and his stern look into the camera. The film was strongly based on the novel by Raffaello Giovagnoli on Spartacus, but where the hero dies on the battlefield in the novel, Ausonia’s Spartacus reconciles with Crassus and marries his daughter. So romantic love conquers political conflict. After a minor part in Il posto vuoto/The empty place (Giuseppe Giusti, 1914), Guaita-Ausonia played the lead in Il principe saltimbanco/The prince acrobat (Giovanni Enrico Vidali, 1914-1915), about a kidnapped little prince who becomes an acrobat. While the press mocked the audience’s tears over the melodrama, it praised Guaita’s restrained acting. Pasquali also exploited the success of Spartaco by having Ausonia perform in another epic, Salammbo/Salambo, a $100,000 Spectacle (Domenico Gaido, 1914, released early 1915), with Suzanne De Labroy in the title role, and Ausonia as Matho. The film was made in coproduction with George Kleine, the biggest importer of Italian films in the US at the time. Ausonia then acted in other films (athletic and other) at the Gloria company, such as Il romanzo di un atleta/The romance of an athlete (Vittorio Rossi-Pianelli, 1915), Un dramma tra le belve/A drama among the beasts (Amleto Palermi, 1915), Il più forte/The strongest (Guido Di Nardo, 1915), Il mistero dell’educanda di Sant-Bon/The mystery of the education of Saint-Bon, (Guido Di Nardo, 1915-1916), and Un grande drama in un piccolo cuore/A great drama in a small heart, (Guido Di Nardo, 1915-1916). During the First World War, Guaita-Ausonia served in the army, but obtained several leaves for reasons of film parts. Leaving Gloria, he shifted to the Jupiter company of Turin to play opposite Diana Karenne in the drama Il marchio/The Mark (Armand Puget, 1916) – the press praised the mise-en-scene and cinematography of the film but disliked Karenne - and to another Torinese company, Phoenix, for Panther (Gero Zambuto, 1916) where Guaita starred opposite Zambuto’s wife Claudia Zambuto in an adventure film. In 1917 Ausonia played in just one film, Vittime/Victim (Giuseppe Pinto, 1917), produced by Jupiter, while he did no films in 1918.
![Trio Ausonia]()
French postcard. Mario Guaita-Ausonia in the middle.
A Modern Hercules
At Films A. De Giglio in Turin, Marco Guaita, by now known as Ausonia, obtained his greatest successes. Films such as La cintura delle amazzoni/The belt of the Amazons (Mario Guaita-Ausonia, 1920) and Atlas (Mario Guaita-Ausonia, 1920) had vast diffusion and obtained positive response all over. In 1919, Ausonia relaunched himself in L’atleta fantasma/Ther ghost athlete (Raimondo Scotti, 1919) about a bland society man who leads a Zorro- or Batman-like double life as a masked athlete – exactly the kind of man his fiancée dreams about. He stops two antiquarians from robbing a precious jewel from a museum, by posing as the statue of the Dying Athlete, which then becomes alive during the robbery. He kicks the thieves out, but they hire a gang to steal the jewel again and to kidnap the fiancée. The whole film constantly plays with Guaita’s physique and powers, from the opening images showing the man with and without clothes to when the fiancée mockingly asks whether he wouldn’t like to be like the statue in the museum. After this film Ausonia did a whole series of films at De Giglio directed by himself and often with Elsa Zara as his female partner. The series started with Lotte di giganti/Battles of the Giants (Mario Guaita-Ausonia, 1919), about a Duke who wants to refresh his offspring, so he needs a modern Hercules as the man for his daughter. In the two-part film Atlas, he is a European child raised by Indians. One day other Europeans are captured, Atlas’s European roots come back and he flees with them. Back in Europe, he discovers the mystery which destroyed his family and marries his Kate. Next followed La cintura delle Amazzoni, a modern adventure film which had little to do with one of the works of Hercules, the two-part La mascotte di Sparta (Mario Guaita-Ausonia, 1921), and the Honoré de Balzac adaptation Sotto i ponti di Parigi/Under the bridges ofParis (Mario Guaita-Ausonia, 1920), which was well received by both press and audiences. In Frisson/Thrill (Mario Guaita-Ausonia, 1922) he tries to extort money from his aunts to buy a theatre. La nave dei milliardi/Ship of billions (Mario Guaita-Ausonia, 1922) doubled much of the plot of Atlas and probably used parts of the other film in flashbacks, while in Il pescatore di perle (Mario Guaita-Ausonia, 1922) Ausonia models for a statue of a wave and afterwards ends up in an island, which afterwards proves to be very close to the coastline. In Gli spettri della fattoria/The ghostsof the farm(Mario Guaita-Ausonia, 1923), shot in the mountains of Northern Italy, he is a new country doctor who discovers a former, Spanish girlfriend resides there. She pretends there are ghosts on a farm, to mask the shady business of her husband and herself. Ausonia’s reckless acrobatic tours astounded, even if to avoid suspension of his work he also used a fixed understudy, an extra and athlete called Franco. When the crisis hit Italian cinema in the early 1920s, Ausonia moved to France, where he founded in Marseille the Société Cinématographe Ausonia. According to cinematographer Fiorio who worked with him in France, ‘it was his wife, the little attractive Mrs. Felicie, who wrote the scripts and collaborated in the direction of the films. She was a very good woman who patiently supported the caprices of her husband. We worked in a little studio in the outskirts of Marseille, very badly equipped and of no importance.’ In Marseille Ausonia made the films Dans les mansardes de Paris (1924) and L’emeraude de la folie/Theemeraldof madness (Mario Guaita-Ausonia, Luigi Fiorio, 1925). He also acted in Mes petits/My little ones (Pierre Barlatier, Charles Keppens, 1923) and in La course à l’amour/The raceto love (Pierre Barlatier, Charles Keppens, 1924). Both films starred Edouard Mathé and Gina Relly, and were made at the Marseille based Lauréa Films company. Ausonia shot his last film in Turin, the Western La donna carnefice nel paese dell'oro/The womanhangmanin the landof gold (Mario Guaita-Ausonia, 1926), an adaptation of a novel by Arnaldo Cipolla. Then, Ausonia left the film world and established himself in Marseille, where he opened a small cinema at the Pointe-Rouge in the periphery of the city. He stopped this as well in 1947, when he retired altogether. ‘Calm, slow in his gestures, rosy, fresh, smiling, with an eternal cigarette on his lips, dressed with sportive elegance’, scriptwriter Giovanni Drovetti remembers him. Mario Guaita alias Ausonia died in Marseille in 1956. Mario Guaita-Ausonia was married to Emilia Amoroso, and after she died, he remarried with Renée Felicie Deliot.
![Spartaco]()
Italian postcard bt V. Uff. Ref. St., Terni, no. 4231. Photo: Pasquali Film, Torino. Publicity still for Spartaco – Il gladiatore della Tracia/Spartacus (1913). Caption: I giovani patrizi si arruolano contro Spartaco (The Young patricians conspire against Spartacus).
![Spartaco]()
Italian postcard bt V. Uff. Ref. St., Terni, no. 4229. Photo: Pasquali Film, Torino. Publicity still for Spartaco – Il gladiatore della Tracia/Spartacus (1913). Caption: Valeria si intrattiene con Mirza parlando di Spartaco (Valeria sits with Mirza, talking about Spartacus). Spartaco's sister Mirza (Cristian Ruspoli) has become the slave of Crassus' sister Valeria (Maria Gandini). Valeria gets interested in Spartacus because of what Mirza tells about him.
![Spartaco]()
Italian postcard bt V. Uff. Ref. St., Terni, no. 4224. Photo: Pasquali Film, Torino. Publicity still for Spartaco – Il gladiatore della Tracia/Spartacus (1913). Caption: L'amore di Spartaco per Valeria - Metrobio all'agguato (The Love of Spartaco for Valeria - Metrobio plots a trap).
![Spartaco]()
Italian postcard bt V. Uff. Ref. St., Terni, no. 4232. Photo: Pasquali Film, Torino. Publicity still for Spartaco – Il gladiatore della Tracia/Spartacus (1913). Caption: Il giuramento della Lega degli oppresi (The Oath of the League of the oppressed). The gladiators swear loyalty to Spartacus (Mario Guaita-Ausonia).
![Spartaco]()
Italian postcard bt V. Uff. Ref. St., Terni, no. 4226. Photo: Pasquali Film, Torino. Publicity still for Spartaco – Il gladiatore della Tracia/Spartacus (1913). Caption: Crasso muove contro Spartaco fra i saluti del popolo festante (Crassus moves against Spartacus amongst the celebrating people). Eventually Spartacus will beat Crassus (Enrico Bracci).
![Spartaco]()
Italian postcard bt V. Uff. Ref. St., Terni, no. 4235. Photo: Pasquali Film, Torino. Publicity still for Spartaco – Il gladiatore della Tracia/Spartacus (1913). Caption: I gladiatori discendono dall'accampamento del Vesuvio (The gladiators descend from their camps at Mount Vesuvius).
![Mario Guaita-Ausonia in Spartaco]()
Italian postcard bt V. Uff. Ref. St., Terni, no. 4227. Photo: Pasquali Film, Torino. Publicity still for Spartaco – Il gladiatore della Tracia/Spartacus (1913). Caption: Spartaco condamnato a servire fra i gladiatori (Spartacus condemned to serve among the gladiators).
Sources: Vittorio Martinelli (Maciste & Co), Thomas Späth, Margit Tröhler (Spartacus – Männermuskeln, Heldenbilder, oder: die Befreiung der Moral’, in: Antike im Kino), CinéRessources and IMDb.
French postcard by Cinématographes Méric.
Perfect Body
Mario Ausonia was born Mario Guaita in Milan, Italy in 1881, into a well-to-do family of Lombardy. He left his studies of medicine and dedicated himself to athletics and vaudeville. As member of the Trio Ausonia, ‘Gladiators of the Twentieth Century’, he did tableaux vivants of famous paintings and sculptures. The trio knew triumphant successes, not only in Italy but all over Europe. In 1912 he switched to cinema and played at the Pasquali company of Turin his first – supporting - role in Sui gradini del trono/On the Steps of the Throne (Ubaldo Maria Del Colle, 1912), starring Alberto Capozzi. Here, Guaita already acted under his stage name Ausonia. He would use this name all through his film career. After another supporting part in a film with Capozzi, L’ultimo convegno/Under Suspicion (Giovanni Enrico Vidali, 1913), Guaita had a major role in La zia di Carlo/Charley’s Aunt (Umberto Paradisi, 1913), an adaptation of Charley’s Aunt. His real and international breakthrough came with the epic film Spartaco – Il gladiatore della Tracia/Spartacus (1913, released early 1914), a prestigious production by Pasquali and directed by Enrico Vidali, who had co-acted with Ausonia in Sui gradini del trono and had directed him in L’ultimo convegno. The Italian film journal Vita cinematografica praised Guaita for ‘the plastic beauty of his appearance, the attraction and at the same time the power and swiftness of his perfect body, his penetrating glance, and his perfect acting.’ In American publicity he was described as ‘a celebrated Italian wrestler and fine actor, whose physique and finely chiseled face make him an extraordinary prototype [sic!] of the ancient gladiator.’ Actually in Spartaco the camera is often focusing on Ausonia’s naked upper body, his muscular arms and his stern look into the camera. The film was strongly based on the novel by Raffaello Giovagnoli on Spartacus, but where the hero dies on the battlefield in the novel, Ausonia’s Spartacus reconciles with Crassus and marries his daughter. So romantic love conquers political conflict. After a minor part in Il posto vuoto/The empty place (Giuseppe Giusti, 1914), Guaita-Ausonia played the lead in Il principe saltimbanco/The prince acrobat (Giovanni Enrico Vidali, 1914-1915), about a kidnapped little prince who becomes an acrobat. While the press mocked the audience’s tears over the melodrama, it praised Guaita’s restrained acting. Pasquali also exploited the success of Spartaco by having Ausonia perform in another epic, Salammbo/Salambo, a $100,000 Spectacle (Domenico Gaido, 1914, released early 1915), with Suzanne De Labroy in the title role, and Ausonia as Matho. The film was made in coproduction with George Kleine, the biggest importer of Italian films in the US at the time. Ausonia then acted in other films (athletic and other) at the Gloria company, such as Il romanzo di un atleta/The romance of an athlete (Vittorio Rossi-Pianelli, 1915), Un dramma tra le belve/A drama among the beasts (Amleto Palermi, 1915), Il più forte/The strongest (Guido Di Nardo, 1915), Il mistero dell’educanda di Sant-Bon/The mystery of the education of Saint-Bon, (Guido Di Nardo, 1915-1916), and Un grande drama in un piccolo cuore/A great drama in a small heart, (Guido Di Nardo, 1915-1916). During the First World War, Guaita-Ausonia served in the army, but obtained several leaves for reasons of film parts. Leaving Gloria, he shifted to the Jupiter company of Turin to play opposite Diana Karenne in the drama Il marchio/The Mark (Armand Puget, 1916) – the press praised the mise-en-scene and cinematography of the film but disliked Karenne - and to another Torinese company, Phoenix, for Panther (Gero Zambuto, 1916) where Guaita starred opposite Zambuto’s wife Claudia Zambuto in an adventure film. In 1917 Ausonia played in just one film, Vittime/Victim (Giuseppe Pinto, 1917), produced by Jupiter, while he did no films in 1918.
French postcard. Mario Guaita-Ausonia in the middle.
A Modern Hercules
At Films A. De Giglio in Turin, Marco Guaita, by now known as Ausonia, obtained his greatest successes. Films such as La cintura delle amazzoni/The belt of the Amazons (Mario Guaita-Ausonia, 1920) and Atlas (Mario Guaita-Ausonia, 1920) had vast diffusion and obtained positive response all over. In 1919, Ausonia relaunched himself in L’atleta fantasma/Ther ghost athlete (Raimondo Scotti, 1919) about a bland society man who leads a Zorro- or Batman-like double life as a masked athlete – exactly the kind of man his fiancée dreams about. He stops two antiquarians from robbing a precious jewel from a museum, by posing as the statue of the Dying Athlete, which then becomes alive during the robbery. He kicks the thieves out, but they hire a gang to steal the jewel again and to kidnap the fiancée. The whole film constantly plays with Guaita’s physique and powers, from the opening images showing the man with and without clothes to when the fiancée mockingly asks whether he wouldn’t like to be like the statue in the museum. After this film Ausonia did a whole series of films at De Giglio directed by himself and often with Elsa Zara as his female partner. The series started with Lotte di giganti/Battles of the Giants (Mario Guaita-Ausonia, 1919), about a Duke who wants to refresh his offspring, so he needs a modern Hercules as the man for his daughter. In the two-part film Atlas, he is a European child raised by Indians. One day other Europeans are captured, Atlas’s European roots come back and he flees with them. Back in Europe, he discovers the mystery which destroyed his family and marries his Kate. Next followed La cintura delle Amazzoni, a modern adventure film which had little to do with one of the works of Hercules, the two-part La mascotte di Sparta (Mario Guaita-Ausonia, 1921), and the Honoré de Balzac adaptation Sotto i ponti di Parigi/Under the bridges ofParis (Mario Guaita-Ausonia, 1920), which was well received by both press and audiences. In Frisson/Thrill (Mario Guaita-Ausonia, 1922) he tries to extort money from his aunts to buy a theatre. La nave dei milliardi/Ship of billions (Mario Guaita-Ausonia, 1922) doubled much of the plot of Atlas and probably used parts of the other film in flashbacks, while in Il pescatore di perle (Mario Guaita-Ausonia, 1922) Ausonia models for a statue of a wave and afterwards ends up in an island, which afterwards proves to be very close to the coastline. In Gli spettri della fattoria/The ghostsof the farm(Mario Guaita-Ausonia, 1923), shot in the mountains of Northern Italy, he is a new country doctor who discovers a former, Spanish girlfriend resides there. She pretends there are ghosts on a farm, to mask the shady business of her husband and herself. Ausonia’s reckless acrobatic tours astounded, even if to avoid suspension of his work he also used a fixed understudy, an extra and athlete called Franco. When the crisis hit Italian cinema in the early 1920s, Ausonia moved to France, where he founded in Marseille the Société Cinématographe Ausonia. According to cinematographer Fiorio who worked with him in France, ‘it was his wife, the little attractive Mrs. Felicie, who wrote the scripts and collaborated in the direction of the films. She was a very good woman who patiently supported the caprices of her husband. We worked in a little studio in the outskirts of Marseille, very badly equipped and of no importance.’ In Marseille Ausonia made the films Dans les mansardes de Paris (1924) and L’emeraude de la folie/Theemeraldof madness (Mario Guaita-Ausonia, Luigi Fiorio, 1925). He also acted in Mes petits/My little ones (Pierre Barlatier, Charles Keppens, 1923) and in La course à l’amour/The raceto love (Pierre Barlatier, Charles Keppens, 1924). Both films starred Edouard Mathé and Gina Relly, and were made at the Marseille based Lauréa Films company. Ausonia shot his last film in Turin, the Western La donna carnefice nel paese dell'oro/The womanhangmanin the landof gold (Mario Guaita-Ausonia, 1926), an adaptation of a novel by Arnaldo Cipolla. Then, Ausonia left the film world and established himself in Marseille, where he opened a small cinema at the Pointe-Rouge in the periphery of the city. He stopped this as well in 1947, when he retired altogether. ‘Calm, slow in his gestures, rosy, fresh, smiling, with an eternal cigarette on his lips, dressed with sportive elegance’, scriptwriter Giovanni Drovetti remembers him. Mario Guaita alias Ausonia died in Marseille in 1956. Mario Guaita-Ausonia was married to Emilia Amoroso, and after she died, he remarried with Renée Felicie Deliot.
Italian postcard bt V. Uff. Ref. St., Terni, no. 4231. Photo: Pasquali Film, Torino. Publicity still for Spartaco – Il gladiatore della Tracia/Spartacus (1913). Caption: I giovani patrizi si arruolano contro Spartaco (The Young patricians conspire against Spartacus).
Italian postcard bt V. Uff. Ref. St., Terni, no. 4229. Photo: Pasquali Film, Torino. Publicity still for Spartaco – Il gladiatore della Tracia/Spartacus (1913). Caption: Valeria si intrattiene con Mirza parlando di Spartaco (Valeria sits with Mirza, talking about Spartacus). Spartaco's sister Mirza (Cristian Ruspoli) has become the slave of Crassus' sister Valeria (Maria Gandini). Valeria gets interested in Spartacus because of what Mirza tells about him.
Italian postcard bt V. Uff. Ref. St., Terni, no. 4224. Photo: Pasquali Film, Torino. Publicity still for Spartaco – Il gladiatore della Tracia/Spartacus (1913). Caption: L'amore di Spartaco per Valeria - Metrobio all'agguato (The Love of Spartaco for Valeria - Metrobio plots a trap).
Italian postcard bt V. Uff. Ref. St., Terni, no. 4232. Photo: Pasquali Film, Torino. Publicity still for Spartaco – Il gladiatore della Tracia/Spartacus (1913). Caption: Il giuramento della Lega degli oppresi (The Oath of the League of the oppressed). The gladiators swear loyalty to Spartacus (Mario Guaita-Ausonia).
Italian postcard bt V. Uff. Ref. St., Terni, no. 4226. Photo: Pasquali Film, Torino. Publicity still for Spartaco – Il gladiatore della Tracia/Spartacus (1913). Caption: Crasso muove contro Spartaco fra i saluti del popolo festante (Crassus moves against Spartacus amongst the celebrating people). Eventually Spartacus will beat Crassus (Enrico Bracci).
Italian postcard bt V. Uff. Ref. St., Terni, no. 4235. Photo: Pasquali Film, Torino. Publicity still for Spartaco – Il gladiatore della Tracia/Spartacus (1913). Caption: I gladiatori discendono dall'accampamento del Vesuvio (The gladiators descend from their camps at Mount Vesuvius).
Italian postcard bt V. Uff. Ref. St., Terni, no. 4227. Photo: Pasquali Film, Torino. Publicity still for Spartaco – Il gladiatore della Tracia/Spartacus (1913). Caption: Spartaco condamnato a servire fra i gladiatori (Spartacus condemned to serve among the gladiators).
Sources: Vittorio Martinelli (Maciste & Co), Thomas Späth, Margit Tröhler (Spartacus – Männermuskeln, Heldenbilder, oder: die Befreiung der Moral’, in: Antike im Kino), CinéRessources and IMDb.