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Antonio Banderas

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Charismatic Spanish film actor, film director, film producer and singer Antonio Banderas (1960) began his acting career at age 19 with a series of films by director Pedro Almodóvar. He became an internationally known Latin heartthrob with high-profile Hollywood films including Philadelphia (1993), Interview with the Vampire (1994), Desperado (1995), Evita (1996), The Mask of Zorro (1998), and the Shrek sequels. In 2011, the Spanish psychological thriller La piel que habito/The Skin I Live In marked the return of Banderas to Pedro Almodóvar. In their first collaboration in 21 years, Banderas gave one of his best performances ever.

Antonio Banderas
British postcard by Heroes Publishing Ltd, London, no. SPC 2753.

Antonio Banderas in The Mask of Zero (1998)
French postcard by Sonis, no. C. 899. Photo: Zorro Productions / Tristar Pictures. Publicity still for The Mask of Zorro (Martin Campbell, 1998).

Innovative and sexually provocative films


José Antonio Domínguez Banderas was born in Málaga, Spain, in 1960. He was the son of Ana Banderas, a school teacher, and José Domínguez, a police officer in the Guardia Civil. He has one younger brother, Francisco. He took his mother's surname as his stage name.

He initially wanted to be a soccer player, but his dream ended when he broke his foot at age 14. At that time he developed a passion for theatre after seeing the stage production of Hair. Banderas began his acting studies at the School of Dramatic Art in Málaga, and made his acting debut at a small theatre in Málaga.

He was arrested by the Spanish police for his performance in a play by Bertolt Brecht, because of the political censorship under the rule of General Francisco Franco. Banderas spent a whole night at the police station. He had three or four of such arrests while he was working with a small theatre troupe that toured all over Spain and was giving performances in small town theatres and on the street.

In 1981, at the age of 19, he moved to Madrid in pursuit of an acting career. There he joined the troupe at the National Theatre of Spain, becoming the youngest member of the company. Banderas' stage performances caught the attention of film director Pedro Almodóvar, who cast the young actor in Pestañas postizas (Enrique Belloch, 1982), produced by Almodóvar.

Banderas and Almodovar joined forces in making innovative and sexually provocative films during the 1980s. He played a gay Islamic terrorist in Laberinto de pasiones/Labyrinth of Passion (Pedro Almodóvar, 1982). In Matador (Pedro Almodóvar, 1986) he played a troubled young man who is confused about his sexuality. Banderas made headlines in Spain with his performance as a psychotic gay stalker, making his first male-to-male on-screen kiss in Almodovar's La ley del deseo/Law of Desire (1987, Pedro Almodóvar) with Carmen Maura.

Banderas's long and fruitful collaboration with Almodóvar eventually prepared him for international recognition that came with his work in the Academy Award-nominated film Mujeres al borde de un ataque de nervios/Women on the Verge of a Nervous Breakdown (Pedro Almodóvar, 1988). He had his breakthrough with the controversial ¡Átame!/Tie Me Up! Tie Me Down! (Pedro Almodóvar, 1989) as mental patient Ricky who kidnaps a porn star (Victoria Abril) and keeps her tied up until she returns his love.

Other Spanish films in which he appeared were El señor Galíndez (Rodolfo Kuhn, 1984) starring Héctor Alterio, Los zancos/The Stilts (Carlos Saura, 1984) with Laura del Sol and Fernando Fernán Gómez, Si te dicen que caí/If They Tell You I Fell (Vicente Aranda, 1989) with Victoria Abril, and Terra Nova (Calogero Salvo, 1991).

In 1991 he got also international attention as an unwitting object of Madonna's affection in the documentary Madonna: Truth or Dare (Alek Keshishian, Mark Aldo Miceli, 1991).

Antonio Banderas
Spanish postcard by Novo Graf for Lauren Films. Photo: publicity still for El placer de matar (Félix Rotaeta, 1988).

Antonio Banderas
Italian postcard by Edibas, no. 582. Photo: Olympia.

Antonio Banderas
British postcard by Underground, no. BO 115.

A shimmering gunslinger


In 1992 Antonio Banderas made his Hollywood debut with The Mambo Kings (Arne Glimcher, 1992) as a soulful Cuban trumpeter opposite Armand Assante. Because he did not speak English at that time, his dialogue for the film was taught to him phonetically. At AllMovie, Rebecca Flint Marx writes: “Banderas still managed to turn in a critically praised performance as a struggling musician.”

He then shot to international fame with his sensitive performance as the lover of Tom Hanks' AIDS-infected lawyer in Philadelphia (Jonathan Demme, 1993).

During the following years he appeared in several major Hollywood releases. He played a substantial role as a sexy European vampire opposite Tom Cruise and Brad Pitt in the film adaptation of Anne Rice’s Interview with the Vampire: The Vampire Chronicles (Neil Jordan, 1994).

Banderas had a box office hit with his starring role as the shimmering gunslinger El Mariachi in Desperado (Roberto Rodriguez, 1995). He starred as ubiquitous narrator Che alongside Madonna as Eva Peron in Evita (Alan Parker, 1996), an adaptation of the musical by Andrew Lloyd Webber and Tim Rice.

He had another box office success with his role as the legendary masked swordsman Zorro in The Mask of Zorro (1998, Martin Campbell), opposite Anthony Hopkins and Catherina Zeta-Jones. Banderas was the first Latino to play the Mexican swashbuckler.

Banderas' debut as a director was the interesting black comedy Crazy in Alabama (1999), starring his wife Melanie Griffith. In 2000, Ridley Scott offered Banderas a part as a peasant in his film, Gladiator (Ridley Scott, 2000) and he reluctantly accepted, but demanded $ 50,000 for the role - currently the world record for the highest salary of an extra.

In 2001, he collaborated again with Robert Rodriguez who cast him in the Spy Kids films. He also starred in the poor Original Sin (Michael Cristofer, 2001) with Angelina Jolie. In 2002, he starred in the equally poor Femme Fatale (2002, Brian De Palma) opposite Rebecca Romijn-Stamos and in Frida (2002, Julie Taymor) with Salma Hayek.

He reprised his role as El Mariachi in the last instalment of Robert Rodriguez' Mexico trilogy Once Upon A Time In Mexico (Roberto Rodriguez, 2003) with Johnny Depp and Salma Hayek.

Happy birthday, Antonio Banderas!
German postcard by Memory Cards, no. 497. Photo: publicity still for The Mask of Zorro (Martin Campbell, 1998).

Happy birthday, Antonio Banderas!
German postcard by Memory Cards, no. 495. Photo: publicity still for The Mask of Zorro (Martin Campbell, 1998), with Catherina Zeta-Jones.

Happy birthday, Antonio Banderas!
German postcard by Memory Cards, no. 496. Photo: publicity still for The Mask of Zorro (Martin Campbell, 1998), with Anthony Hopkins.

A sexy, macho swashbuckler


In 2003, Antonio Banderas returned to the musical genre, appearing to great acclaim in the Broadway revival of Maury Yeston's musical Nine, based on the film 8½, playing the prime role originated by the late Raúl Juliá. Banderas won both the Outer Critics Circle and Drama Desk awards, and was nominated for the Tony Award for best actor in a musical.

Tweaking his image as a sexy, macho swashbuckler, Banderas next provided the pitch-perfect voice of the rapier-wielding Puss-in-Boots for Shrek 2 (Andrew Adamson, Kelly Asbury, Conrad Verno, 2004), Shrek the Third (Chris Miller, Raman Hui, 2007) and the last film in the Shrek franchise, Shrek Forever After (Mike Mitchell, 2010). The character became so popular on the family film circuit, that it became the protagonist of the spin-off film Puss in Boots: The Story of an Ogre Killer (Mike Mitchell, 2011).

In 2005, Banderas reprised his role as Zorro in The Legend of Zorro (Martin Campbell, 2005), though this was not as successful as the original. A year later, he starred in Take the Lead (Liz Friedlander, 2006), a high school-set movie in which he played a ballroom dancing teacher.

In 2010 he starred in the Woody Allen comedy You Will Meet a Tall Dark Stranger (Woody Allen, 2010). It was followed by Spy Kids 4: All the Time in the World (Robert Rodriguez, 2011).

In 2011 Banderas reteamed for the first time in two decades with Pedro Almodóvar in the Hitchcock-inspired La piel que habito/The Skin I Live In. Perry Seibert at AllMovie: "Luckily, Banderas continues to bring out Almodovar's most-outrageous impulses. You won't hear anyone coming out of this movie muttering, 'we've seen that story before.' But in a way, if you've kept up with Almodovar over the last three decades, you really have seen much of this movie before. Sure, the actual plot points are new, but the themes are quintessential Almodovar. His obsession with cross-dressing finds its seemingly natural conclusion in this film, and he continues to show how most men are slaves to their sexual desires, while most women are forever at the mercy of these unstable men."

The next year he appeared as a mysterious international espionage figure in the action thriller Haywire (Steven Soderbergh, 2012). Recently, he appeared in a small role in Rodriguez's Machete Kills (Robert Rodriguez, 2013) and he joined Sylvester Stallone and his merry band of senior action heroes in The Expendables 3 (Patrick Hughes, 2014).

Antonio Banderas divorced his first wife, actress Ana Leza in 1996, and married Melanie Griffith that same year. They had met a year earlier while shooting the romantic comedy Two Much (Fernando Trueba, 1995). Their romance on the set helped the film set box-office records in Spain. In June 2014 Griffith and Banderas announced their separation after a marriage of 18 years. They have a daughter, Stella Banderas (1996).

TCM: "Handsome, charismatic and undeniably talented, Banderas rightfully earned his place as one of cinema's greatest leading men." Antonio Banderas shares time between his two residencies, one in the United States and one in the South of Spain. He has invested his movie earnings in Andalusian products, and owns 50% of a winery in Northern Spain called Anta Banderas which makes red and rose wines.

According to several newspapers his new girlfriend is Dutch investment banker Nicole Kempel.

Antonio Banderas
American postcard by Fotofolio. Photo: Herb Ritts, 1994.


Official Trailer ¡Átame!/Tie Me Up! Tie Me Down! (Pedro Almodóvar, 1989). Source: The Cult Box (YouTube).


Official trailer La piel que habito/The Skin I Live In (Pedro Almodóvar, 2011). Source: Streaming Trailers (YouTube).

Sources: Rebecca Flint Marx (AllMovie), Steve Shelokhonov (IMDb), Perry Seibert (AllMovie), Lizzie Smith (Daily Mail), TCM, Wikipedia, and IMDb.

La course à l'amour (1924)

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Today's film special is about a little known French silent film, La course à l'amour/Love on the Run (Paul Barlatier, Charles Keppens, 1924). Les Cinématographes Méric produced a series of postcards for this comedy, which starred Édouard Mathé and Gina Relly. However, the most remarkable person on the postcards is the Italian strongman Mario Guaita-Ausonia.

Ausonia in La course a l'amour
French postcard by Les Cinématographes Méric. Photo: publicity still of Ausonia (Mario Guaita) in the French silent film La course à l'amour/Love on the Run (Paul Barlatier, Charles Keppens, 1924).

La course a l'amour
French postcard by Les Cinématographes Méric. Photo: publicity still of the French silent film La course à l'amour (Paul Barlatier, Charles Keppens, 1924).

Sympathetic comedy


La course à l'amour (Paul Barlatier, Charles Keppens, 1924) was a silent black and white production by Lauréa Films, a regional film production company that produced several local films in a studio of the Red Cross since 1920.

Head of productions of Lauréa Film was Paul Barlatier, who was one of the directors and script-writer of this film. His co-director was former actor Charles Keppens.

La Course à l'amour was not the first film made with this title. Wikipedia mentions that in 1912 there had been an early short silent version, La Course à l'amour (Jean Durand, 1912) with comic Onésime and Gaston Modot. It probably had a different script.

In the second version, the lead role was played by Édouard Mathé, the star of the successful serials Les vampires/The Vampires (Louis Feuillade, 1915) and Judex (Louis Feuillade, 1916).

The film was shot on location between Nice and Évian, and the Dictionnaire du cinéma français des années vingt describes it as a 'sympathetic comedy'.

La course a l'amour
French postcard by Les Cinématographes Méric. Photo: publicity still of La course à l'amour (Paul Barlatier, Charles Keppens, 1924).

La course a l'amour
French postcard by Les Cinématographes Méric. Photo: publicity still of La course à l'amour (Paul Barlatier, Charles Keppens, 1924).

Muscleman


A supporting part was played by the athletic muscleman Mario Guaita aka Ausonia. he got the most attention on the postcards made for La course à l'amour.

The Italian had had his international breakthrough with Spartaco/Spartacus (Enrico Vidal, 1913) and in the following decade he became a major actor in the Italian forzuto (strong men) genre.

This genre started with the popular strong man Maciste (Bartolomeo Pagano) in the classic spectacle Cabiria (Giovanni Pastrone, 1914). The forzuto can be seen as a forerunner of the Peplum genre of the 1950s and 1960s and Hollywood's superhero films of later decades.

In the early 1920s, Ausonia moved to Marseille, where he made La course à l'amour (1924) and a few other films and where he ran a cinema.

Little is known about La course à l'amour (1924). Despite the series of postcards and Ausonia's impressive muscles, the film was probably not a success. It was the final film for co-director Charles Keppens and for lead actor Édouard Mathé. Also for his co-star Gina Relly, it was one of her last films. Her impressive film career ended two years later.

Lauréa Film ceased its activities and of Paul Barlatier was not heard again.

La course a l'amour
French postcard by Les Cinématographes Méric. Photo: publicity still for La course à l'amour (Paul Barlatier, Charles Keppens, 1924).

Sources: Dictionnaire du cinéma français des années vingt (French) Wikipedia (French) and IMDb.

Rina De Liguoro

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Rina De Liguoro (1892-1966) was the last diva of the Italian silent cinema of the 1920s. She had her breakthrough in 1924 as the sensual, untamed Roman empress Messalina, and the beautiful countess continued her glittering career in such epics as Quo Vadis (1924), Casanova (1927) and Cecil B. De Mille's notorious box office flop Madam Satan (1930).

Rina de Liguoro
Italian postcard by Ballerini & Fratini, Firenze, no. 381.

Rina De Liguoro
Italian postcard by Ed. G.B. Falci, Milano, no. 475.

Rina de Liguoro in Quo Vadis? (1924)
German postcard by Ross-Verlag, Berlin, no. 699/6,1919-1924. Photo: Filmhaus Brückmann. Publicity still for Quo Vadis? (Gabriellino D'Annunzio, Georg Jacoby, 1924).

Rina de Liguoro
German postcard by Ross Verlag, no. 3046/1, 1928-1929. Photo: Ufa.

Rina de Liguoro
German postcard by Ross Verlag, no. 3902/1, 1928-1929. Photo: Pinto Roma.

Rina De Liguoro
French postcard by Editions Cinémagazine, no. 431. Photo: Studio G.L. Manuel Frères.

Rina de Liguoro
French postcard by Cinémagazine-Edition, Paris, no. 477. Photo: Pinto, Roma. The card refers to her status as countess.

Messalina


Rina De Liguoro was born as Elisabetta Caterina Catardi in Firenze (Florence), Italy, in 1892.

She studied piano with Maestro Luigi Finizio, graduating at the Conservatory of San Pietro a Majella in Naples. She made her debut as a pianist at the age of twenty-five and soon became a valued concert performer.

In 1918, she married count Wladimiro De Liguoro, son of film director and producer Giuseppe De Liguoro. They had a daughter, Regana, born the following year. Later, Wladimiro De Liguoro would direct several of her films.

After a concert in 1920, Rina was invited to visit a film set. During this visit, she appeared as an extra in La Principessa Bebé/The Princess Baby (Lucio D'Ambra, 1920). This was the start of a prolific film career.

She had her breakthrough with the lead role in the historical epic Messalina/The Fall of an Empress (Enrico Guazzoni, 1924), in which she played the sensual, untamed third wife of the Roman Emperor Claudius.

De Liguoro became the last diva of the Italian silent cinema with notable films like Quo vadis? (Gabriellino D'Annunzio, Georg Jacoby, 1924) also starring Emil Jannings, Elena Sangro and Lillian Hall-Davis, and Gli ultimi giorni di Pompeii/The Last Days of Pompeii (Carmine Gallone, Amleto Palermi, 1926) with Victor Varconi and Maria Corda.

There were several attempts in early Fascist Italy to recapture the success of the historical epics of the previous decade. Quo vadis? was produced by the ambitious Unione Cinematografica Italiana. D'Annunzio, the son of the poet Gabriele D'Annunzio, was considered a rising director and also wrote the film's screenplay.

The production ran seriously over-budget, and additional financing had to be raised from Germany. The film was a critical and commercial failure on its release, effectively ending the career of its producer Arturo Ambrosio who had been one of the major figures of early Italian cinema

In the late 1920s, De Liguoro performed in Germany, Austria and France. A masterpiece was the French historical drama Casanova (Alexandre Volkoff, 1927). The film portrays the life and adventures of Giacomo Casanova (1725-1798). Star was the legendary Russian actor Ivan Mozzhukhin. Among the cast and the crew of the film were several Russian émigrés who had come to France following the Russian Revolution.

She also appeared in the French-German silent film drama Cagliostro (Richard Oswald, 1929). It depicts the life of the eighteenth century Italian occultist Alessandro Cagliostro (Hans Stüwe), based on a novel by Johannes von Gunther. The film survives but is incomplete.

Her last silent Italian film was Assunta Spina (Roberto Roberti, 1930), a remake of the classic version of 1915, starring Francesca Bertini.

Rina De Liguoro in Messalina
Italian postcard by Ed. A. Traldi, Milano, no. 738. Photo: Rina De Liguoro dying in the final scene of Messalina (Enrico Guazzoni, 1924).

Rina de Liguoro
Italian postcard by G.B. Falci Editore, Milano, no. 393. Photo: publicity still for Bufera/Storm (Wladimiro De Liguoro, 1926).

Rina de Liguoro
Italian postcard by G. Vettori, Bologna, no. 941. Photo: U.C.I. Publicity still for Quello che non muore/What does not die (Wladimiro De Liguoro, 1926).

Rina De Liguoro
Italian postcard by Ed. A. Traldi, Milano, no. 882. Photo: Pinto, Roma.

Laurel & Hardy


In 1930, Rina De Liguoro was invited to go to Hollywood. As Countess De Liguoro, she appeared in films like the box office success Romance (Clarence Brown, 1930) starring Greta Garbo and the flop Madam Satan (Cecil B. de Mille, 1930).

Wikipedia about the latter: "Madam Satan has been called one of the oddest films DeMille made and certainly one of the oddest MGM made during its 'golden age.' The film originally featured Technicolor sequences that are now lost."

De Liguoro also acted in Spanish-language versions of American films, including Politiquerías (James W. Horne, 1931), the alternate language version of the Laurel & Hardy comedy Chickens Come Home (1931) in which she replaced Mae Busch.

But the silent cinema days were over and Rina De Liguoro could play only minor parts in Hollywood. She decided to try again a career as a piano player.

She returned to Italy in 1939. There she appeared in a few films, including Ritrovarsi/Lost and Found (Oreste Palella, 1947) and Buffalo Bill a Roma/Buffalo Bill in Rome (Giuseppe Accatino, 1949).

Her last role was that of Princess of Presicce, Burt Lancaster's table companion at the ball in Il Gattopardo/The Leopard (Luchino Visconti, 1963).

Rina De Liguoro died in 1966 in Rome, Italy. She had demanded to be buried in her costume for Messalina.

Rina De Liguoro as Messalina
Italian postcard by B&G, B, no. 11. Signed Rina De Liguoro. Photo: Rina De Liguoro as the title character in the epic film Messalina (Enrico Guazzoni, 1924).

Rina de Liguoro
Italian postcard (reproduction). Photo: publicity still for Savitri Satyavan (Giorgio Mannini, 1925), according to Wikipedia'India's first international co-production', with De Liguoro as the goddess Savitri.

Rina de Liguoro in Quo vadis?
Italian postcard by G.B. Falci, Milano. Photo: still for Quo vadis? (1924).

Rina De Liguoro and Celio Bucchi in Bufera
Italian postcard by Ed. G.B. Falci, Milano, no. 388. Photo: Rina De Liguoro and Celio Bucchi in the film Bufera/Storm (Wladimiro De Liguoro, 1926). Bufera is a mountain drama about a woman seduced and abandoned by a rude mountain man, leaving her with a child. When finally her life seems to retake thanks to another, kinder man, the first one reappears. Luckily a mountain storm (hence the title of the film) will swallow the inconvenient intruder.

Rina de Liguoro
Italian postcard by Ed. A. Traldi, Milano, no. 865. Photo: Pinto, Roma. Rina De Liguoro as Anita Garibaldi in Anita/Il romanzo d'amore dell'eroe dei due mondi (Aldo De Benedetti, 1926).

Rina De Liguoro in Casanova
Italian postcard, no. 3519. Photo: Rina De Liguoro as Corticelli in Casanova (Alexandre Volkoff, 1927).

Rina De Liguoro & Ivan Mozzhukhin in Casanova
Italian postcard by Ed. Vettori, Bologna, no. 3522. Photo: Rina De Liguoro and Ivan Mozzhukhin in the film Casanova (Alexandre Volkoff, 1927).

Sources: Vittorio Martinelli (Le dive del silenzio - Italian), Hans J. Wollstein (AllMovie), Cristiano Ruggero (Find A Grave), Thomas Staedeli (Cyranos), Wikipedia and IMDb.

Anita Ekberg (1931-2015)

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Swedish (but naturalized Italian) film actress Anita Ekberg has passed away today. As Miss Sweden 1950, she was contracted by Howard Hughes, had a Hollywood career in the 1950s, but got her real breakthrough in Italy. She made film history as the sensual, curvaceous film goddess who dances in the Trevi Fountain in Fellini’s La Dolce Vita (1960). She was also unforgettable as a sexy billboard figure coming to life in Fellini's short film La Tentazioni del Dottor Antonio/The Temptation of Doctor Antonio (1962). Anita Ekberg was 83 years old.

Anita Ekberg, Boccaccio '70
East-German postcard by VEB Progress FilmVertrieb, Berlin, no. 2391, 1965. Photo: publicity still for Boccaccio '70 (Federico Fellini, 1962).

Anita Ekberg (1931-2015)
German postcard by ISV, no. F 10.

Anita Ekberg
German postcard by ISV, no. D 8. Photo: Pierluigi.

Anita Ekberg
German postcard by Kolibri-Verlag, Minden/Westf., no. 150.

Anita Ekberg
German postcard by ISV, Sort. VI/6.

Anita Ekberg
Collector's card, no. 668. Photo: Paramount.

Miss Sweden


Kerstin Anita Marianne Ekberg was born in Malmö, Sweden in 1931. She grew up with seven brothers and sisters. Having six brothers around surely developed a fierce independent spirit.

In her teens, she worked as a fashion model, and in 1951 she was elected Miss Sweden. That year she also made her film début in the film journal Terras fönster nr 5/Terra Journal No. 5 (Olle Ekelund, 1951), and she went to the US for the Miss Universe contest, despite not speaking English. She didn't win but she got a modelling contract.

Film mogul Howard Hughes gave her a contract with RKO but it didn't lead anywhere. Anita herself later claimed that Hughes wanted to marry her. Instead the voluptuous, husky-voiced blonde started making films for Universal.

Her American début was as a Venusian guard in Abbott and Costello Go to Mars (Charles Lamont, 1953). This was soon followed by The Golden Blade (Nathan Juran, 1953) starring Rock Hudson. These were small roles that only required her to look beautiful. She was given the nickname ‘The Iceberg’ - a play on her name as well as her cool, quite mysterious demeanour.

While at Universal, Anita Ekberg quickly became one of Hollywood’s hot starlets. She caught the hearts of many famous men including Tyrone Power, Errol Flynn, Frank Sinatra and Gary Cooper. Legendary director and photographer Russ Meyer called her 'the most beautiful woman he ever photographed' and said that her 40D bust line was 'the most ample in A list Hollywood history, dwarfing rivals like Jayne Mansfield'.

Soon she became a major pin up girl for the new type of men's magazine such as Playboy that proliferated in the 1950s. Ekberg also knew how to play the Hollywood tabloids and gossip columnists, creating stunts that she hoped would translate into film roles. Famously, she admitted that an incident where her dress burst open in the lobby of London's Berkeley Hotel was pre-arranged with a photographer.

Her two marriages also gave her a lot of attention from the press. She married and divorced British actor Anthony Steel (1956-1959) and actor Rik Van Nutter (1963-1975). And she reportedly had a three-year affair with the late Fiat chairman Gianni Agnelli.

The press also loved her saucy quotes, like: “I'm very proud of my breasts, as every woman should be. It's not cellular obesity. It's womanliness.”

Anita Ekberg
French postcard by Editions du Globe (EDUG), no. 521. Photo: Paramount.

Anita Ekberg
French postcard by Editions P.I., Paris, no. 781. Photo: Paramount.

Anita Ekberg
German postcard by WS-Druck, Wanne-Eickel, no. 203. Photo: dpa.

Anita Ekberg
German postcard by WS-Druck, Wanne-Eickel, no. 181. Photo: dpa.

Anita Ekberg
East-German postcard by VEB Progress Film-vertrieb, Berlin, no. 3171, 1968. Retail price: 0,20 M. Photo: Pierluigi.

Anita Ekberg (1931-2015)
Big East-German card by VEB Progress Film-Vertrieb, Berlin, no. 262/69.

Foil for Sight Gags


Anita Ekberg would get several offers from other studios than Universal. Bob Hope joked that her parents had received the Nobel Prize for architecture when he was touring with her and William Holden to entertain US troops in 1954.

The tour led her to a contract with John Wayne's Batjac Productions. Wayne cast her in Blood Alley (William A. Wellman, 1955), a small role where Ekberg's features and appearance were Orientalized to play a Chinese woman. The role earned her a Golden Globe award.

Paramount Pictures then cast her in the funny comedies Artists and Models (Frank Tashlin, 1955) and Hollywood or Bust (Frank Tashlin, 1956), both starring Dean Martin and Jerry Lewis. These films showed off her stunning body but also used her as a foil for many of the director's clever sight gags.

In 1956, Ekberg went to Rome to make War and Peace (King Vidor, 1956) co-starring Audrey Hepburn. RKO gave Ekberg the female lead in Back from Eternity (John Farrow, 1956), co-starring with Robert Ryan and Rod Steiger. Ekberg was perfectly adequate in her cardboard role, and suggested that with a good director and a worthwhile part, she might have something to offer.

In the British production Zarak (Terence Young, 1956) starring Victor Mature and Michael Wilding, her sexy harem-girl dance raised many eyebrows and blood pressures. With Bob Hope she made two minor comedies, Paris Holiday (Gerd Oswald, 1958) and Call Me Bwana (Gordon Douglas, 1963).

One of her better films of this period was the film noir Screaming Mimi (Gerd Oswald, 1958). At IMDb, reviewer Lazarillo calls it one of "the missing link between American film noir and the suspense and horror films that would become so popular in continental Europe over the next two decades (i.e. the German 'krimis', the Italian 'gialli', the horror films of Bava and Argento). It's technically a late period film noir, but rather than having the traditional pessimistic tone and hard-boiled, voice-over narrative, it is completely off-the-wall and chock-full of the suggested depravity and lurid psycho-babble that would characterize the later European films. Interestingly, it was apparently based on the same Fredric Brown novel as Dario Argento's Bird with Crystal Plummage."

Anita Ekberg
Vintage postcard.

Anita Ekberg
French postcard by De Marchi Frères, Marseille.

Anita Ekberg
German postcard by ISV, no. H 23.

Anita Ekberg
German postcard by WS-Druck, Wanne-Eickel. Photo: Klaus Collignon.

Anita Ekberg
French postcard by EDUG, no. 151.

Anita Ekberg
Italian postcard by Rotalcolor, Milano, no. N. 51.

The Sweet Life


In 1960 Anita Ekberg found herself again in Rome for her greatest role. She played the unattainable ‘dream woman’ Sylvia opposite Marcello Mastroianni in Federico Fellini's La Dolce Vita/The Sweet Life (1960). La Dolce Vita was a sensational success, and Ekberg's uninhibited cavorting in Rome's Trevi Fountain remains one of the most memorable screen images ever captured.

Thus began a period when Ekberg would work almost exclusively in Europe. La Dolce Vita was followed by another memorable role for Fellini in his segment La Tentazioni del Dottor Antonio/The Temptation of Doctor Antonio of the anthology film Boccaccio '70 (1962). She plays a gigantic voluptuous lady on a billboard poster, promoting to drink milk and attracting huge crowds. At night she comes to live and pesters the little censor, played by Peppino De Filippo.

Fellini would later call her back for two more films: I Pagliacci/I clowns (Federico Fellini, 1972), and Intervista (Federico Fellini, 1987).

In 1964 she returned to Sweden to appear in Bo Widerberg's Kärlek 65/Love 65 (1965), but she cancelled her appearance and called the acclaimed director ‘an amateur’.

In 1967 she co-starred with Shirley MacLaine in a segment of Vittorio de Sica’s Woman Times Seven (1967). For much of the 1960s though, she was trapped in substandard genre fare and lame comedies.

During the 1970s the roles became less frequent. In 1982, at the age of 50 she posed for glamour photos but in 1987, twenty-seven years after La Dolce Vita, she made a marvellous comeback with Fellini's filmic autobiography, Intervista (Federico Fellini, 1987), where she played herself in a reunion scene with Mastroianni and watched film clips of herself during her heydays. In 1995 Empire magazinechose her as one of the 100 Sexiest Stars in film history (#98).

While she remained active in films into the 1990s, the roles were hardly memorable. Exceptions came with her portrayal of an elderly restaurant owner who is killed in a gas explosion in Bámbola/Doll (Bigas Luna, 1996) featuring Valeria Marini, and her role as an ageing, flamboyant opera star who succumbs to the charms of the titular character in Le nain rouge/The Red Dwarf (Yvan Lemoine, 1998). Still blonde, but a bit heavier, Ekberg was able to project the requisite sensuality and diva-like behaviour resulting in a full-bodied performance that ranked among her best.

Her last role in a TV series was in Il bello delle donne/The beautiful one of the women (2002) starring Stefania Sandrelli.

Anita Ekberg has not lived in Sweden since the early 1950s and rarely visited the country. She has welcomed Swedish journalists in her house outside Rome, and in 2005 appeared in the popular radio program Sommar, talking about her life. She stated in an interview that she would never move back to Sweden until she died, when she will be buried there.

Today, 11 January 2015, Anita Ekberg died at the clinic San Raffaele in Rocca di Papa, Italy. Her death was caused by complications from a long-time illness. She was 83.

Anita Ekberg
Yugoslavian postcard by Studio Sombor, no. 270.

Anita Ekberg (1931-2015)
German postcard by Ufa, Berlin-Tempelhof, no. FK 3590. Photo: Columbia Film. Publicity still for Interpol (John Gilling, 1957).


Trailer Artists and Models (1955). Source: Arnold Zieffel (YouTube).


Anita does a sexy dance in the thriller Screaming Mimi (1958). Source: Bachflat (YouTube).


The famous Trevi Gountain scene in La dolce vita (1960). Source: Julia Barnum (YouTube).


Trailer Intervista (1987). Source: Buen Cine Dvd (YouTube).

Sources: Hal Erickson (Rovi), Mattias Thuresson (IMDb), Java’s Bachelor Pad, TCM, Wikipedia, and IMDb.

Karl Martell

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Karl Martell (1906-1966) was an incisive, debonair German supporting actor of the 1930s and 1940s. He often played in authoritarian roles in prestige Ufa productions, including four films with Zarah Leander. After the war, he worked as a documentary film maker with his own company.

Karl Martell
German postcard by Film-Foto-Verlag, no. G 176. Photo: Quick.


Dazzling appearance, but no charisma


Karl Hermann Martell was born in Tilsit, Germany (now Sovetsk, Russia) in 1906. He was born in a bourgeois, military family.

Already at the age of 13, Karl made his film debut in the silent film Das große Geheimnis/The big secret (Herbert Gerdes, 1920). (Filmportal.de also mentions Die Tragödie der Manja Orsan/The tragedy of Manja Orsan (Richard Eichberg, 1919) with Charles Willy Kayser and Ruth Weyher as his debut, but this must be an error while Martell’s part in this film is described as a theatre director).

His debut was followed by parts in silent films like Die goldene Pest/The Golden Plague (Louis Ralph, Richard Oswald, 1921) with Anita Berber, and Das goldene Haar/The Golden Hair (Bruno Eichgrün, 1922).

In the following years, he studied acting at the Max-Reinhardt-Schule. In the 1930s, he became a well known film actor, often playing officers or aristocrats. In one of his first films as an adult, he played opposite Swedish stage and screen star Zarah Leander in the Austrian backstage musical Première (Géza von Bolváry, 1937), which became an enormous box office hit. It was Leander's first German language role, and she was immediately signed by the Ufa.

For a long time, Martell was considered Zarah Leander's ideal film partner. Among his best known films of the 1930s are La Habanera/Cheated by the Wind (Detlef Sierck a.k.a. Douglas Sirk, 1937) again with Leander and another box office success, Der Spieler/The Player (Gerhard Lamprecht, 1938) based on the novel by Fyodor Dostoevsky, and the Western Frauen für Golden Hill/Women for Golden Hill (Erich Waschneck, 1938).

Stephanie D’heil at Steffi-Line: “Although Karl Martell also worked with other female audience favourites, for example with Camilla Horn in the sentimental thriller Gauner im frack/Rogue in Tuxedo (Johannes Riemann, 1937), he never achieved Zarah Leander’s star status. The reason is probably that he lacked a certain charisma and despite his dazzling appearance, his performances always seemed rather ‘pale’.”

At CinéArtistes, Philippe Pelletier writes however that “In 1939, Martell embodies the very convincing Lieutenant Ludwig Becker in D III 38, a war drama by Herbert Maisch.”

Karl Martell
German postcard by Film-Foto-Verlag, no. A 2582/2, 1939-1940. Photo: Quick / Tobis.

Karl Martell
German postcard by Ross Verlag, no. A 3278/1, 1941-1944. Photo: Herzog-Verleiher Kreis.

Convicted for collaboration


During the Second World War, Karl Martell played in such films as the crime film Alarm (Herbert B. Fredersdorf, 1941), the controversial biopic Ohm Krüger (Hans Steinhoff, Karl Anton, 1941) featuring Emil Jannings as Transvaal politician Paul Krüger, Damals/Those Days (Rolf Hansen, 1943) with Zarah Leander, and Das alte Lied/The old song (Fritz Peter Buch, 1945) starring Winnie Markus.

After the end of the war, Martell was convicted for his collaboration with the Nazi regime and his participation in various propaganda films. He was sentenced to a ban on acting for several years.

In the 1950s, Martell only worked only incidentally for the cinema in mostly forgettable productions. Among these later films are the melodrama Herzen im Sturm/Hearts by storm (Jürgen von Alten, 1951), the adventure film Die Gefangene des Maharadscha/Circus Girl (Veit Harlan, 1953), and its sequel Sterne über Colombo/Stars on Colombo (Veit Harlan, 1954).

From the early 1950s on, Martell also made documentaries for his own production company in Hamburg.

In 1959, he returned in front of the camera for a minor role in Der blaue Nachtfalter/The blue Moth (Wolfgang Schleif 1959), in which he was reunited with Zarah Leander. Then he retired from the film business.

Forgotten and alone, Karl Martell died in 1966 in Hamburg, Germany. He was 60.

Karl Martell
German postcard by Film-Foto-Verlag, no. A 3699/1, 1941-1944. Photo: Quick.

Karl Martell
German postcard by Ross Verlag, no. A 3052/1, 1941-1944. Photo: Tobis / Quick.


Theatrical Trailer La Habanera (1937). Source: Ordner481 (YouTube).

Sources: Philippe Pelletier (CinéArtistes – French), Stephanie d’Heil (Steffi-Line - German), Hal Erickson (AllMovie), Thomas Staedeli (Cyranos), Filmportal.de, Wikipedia (German and English) and IMDb.

Atelier Balázs

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Today, the subject of our series on film star photographers is Atelier Balázs. This little known Berlin studio was active during the Weimar period. The photographs of Atelier Balázs were often used for the sepia postcards of Ross Verlag.

Lya Mara
Lya Mara. German postcard by Ross Verlag, no. 3599/2, 1928-1929. Photo: Atelier Balázs, Berlin.

Lilian Weiss
Lilian Weiss. German postcard by Ross Verlag, Berlin. Photo: Atelier Balázs, Berlin.

Erna Morena
Erna Morena. German postcard by Ross Verlag, no. 3423/1, 1928-1929. Photo: Atelier Balázs, Berlin.

Evi Eva
Evi Eva. German postcard by Ross Verlag, no. 3518/2, 1928-1929. Photo: Atelier Balázs, Berlin.

Aud Egede Nissen
Aud Egede Nissen. German postcard. by Ross Verlag, Berlin, no. 3534/1, 1928-1929. Photo: Atelier Balázs, Berlin.

Camilla Horn
Camilla Horn. German postcard by Ross Verlag, no. 588. Photo: Atelier Balázs, Berlin.

The visible man


Although Atelier Balázs contributed several portraits to the postcards of Ross Verlag, there is nothing known about the studio, The WikiProjekt Stummfilm/Stummfilmfotografen has not identified yet who Balázs was, when he or she was born and where.

Most of the photos are made in the second part of the 1920s. The studio was active in the German capital at the same time as film critic, screen writer and director Béla Balázs. Were they connected?

Béla Balázs (1884-1949) was born as Herbert Bauer in Szeged in Austria-Hungary (now Hungary). He was the son of Jewish German-born parents, adopting his nom de plume in newspaper articles written before his 1902 move to Budapest, where he studied Hungarian and German at the Eötvös Collegium.

The collapse of the short-lived Hungarian Soviet Republic under Béla Kun in 1919 began a long period of exile in Vienna and Germany and, from 1933 until 1945, the Soviet Union.

In Vienna he became a prolific writer of film reviews. His first book on film, Der Sichtbare Mensch (The Visible Man) (1924), helped found the German 'film as a language' theory, which influenced directors Sergei Eisenstein and Vsevolod Pudovkin.

A popular consultant, he wrote the screenplay for G. W. Pabst's film of Die Dreigroschenoper/The Three Penny Opera (1931), which became the object of a scandal and lawsuit by Brecht (who admitted to not reading the script) during production.

Later, he and Carl Mayerco-wrote Leni Riefenstahl's Das Blaue Licht/The blue light (1932). He also helped Riefenstahl to direct the film, but she later removed his and Mayer's name from the credits because they were Jewish.

After the war, he returned to Hungary to help rebuild the film industry there. One of his best known films is Valahol Európában/Somewhere in Europe (Géza von Radványi, 1947).

Was Atelier Balázs a side job for Béla Balázs? Probably not, while he moved to Berlin in 1926, and some of the portraits, like the one for Karl Beckersachs were already made in the years before. But who was the photographer behind Atelier Balázs then?

Karl Beckersachs
Karl Beckersachs. German postcard by Ross Verlag, Berlin, no. 348/3, 1919-1924. Photo: Atelier Balász.

Mia Pankau
Mia Pankau. German postcard by Ross Verlag, nr. 1031/1, 1927-1928. Photo: Atelier Balázs, Berlin.

Mia Pankau
Mia Pankau. German postcard by Ross Verlag, no. 1031/2, 1927-1928. Photo: Atelier Balázs, Berlin.

Luciano Albertini
Luciano Albertini. German postcard by Ross Verlag, no. 1287/1, 1927-1928. Photo: Atelier Balázs, Berlin / Albertini-Produktion GmbH.

Luciano Albertini
Luciano Albertini. German postcard by Ross Verlag, no. 3032/1, 1928-1929. Photo: Atelier Balázs, Berlin. This picture was also used for the cover of the magazine Film-Woche, no. 17, 1929, to announce Albertini's film Tempo! Tempo! (Max Obal, 1929).

Arne Molander
Arne Molander. German Postcard by Ross Verlag, Berlin, no. 1131/2, 1927-1928. Photo: Atelier Balázs, Berlin.

Lya Mara
Lya Mara. German postcard by Ross Verlag, no. 1368/2, 1927-1928. Photo: Atelier Balázs, Berlin.

Lilian Hall-Davis
Lilian Hall-Davis. German postcard by Ross Verlag, Berlin, no. 1370/1, 1927-1928. Photo: Atelier Balázs, Berlin.

Wilhelm Dieterle
Wilhelm Dieterle. German postcard by Ross Verlag, no. 1741/1, 1927-1928. Photo: Atelier Balázs, Berlin / Zelnik Film.

Lucy Doraine
Lucy Doraine. German postcard by Ross Verlag, no. 3054/2, 1928-1929. Photo: Atelier Balázs, Berlin.

Check out our other posts on film star photographers. See the links at right under the caption 'The Photographers'.

Sources: Wikipedia.

Toni van Eyck

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German actress Toni van Eyck (1910-1988) became a star playing a rape victim in the Aufklärungsfilm Gefahren der Liebe/Hazards of Love (1931). Despite this film success she stayed primarily a stage actress.

Toni van Eyck
German postcard by Ross Verlag, no. 4238/1, 1929-1930. Photo: Atelier Jacobi, Berlin.

A Woman Branded


Toni (also Tony) van Eyck (van Eyk) was born Gertrud Johanna Antonie Eick in 1910 in Koblenz, Germany.

She took acting lessons at the Max-Reinhardt-Seminar in Wien (Vienna) and at the Otto-Falkenberg-Schule in München (Munich). At the age of 15 she already played at various Berlin stages, and convinced the critics with her performances.

She was discovered for the film in 1928 and appeared in the silent short Ins Blaue hinein/Into the Blue (Eugen Schüfftan, 1929) with Theo Lingen.

After a few more silent films, she became known with her leading role in the early Aufklärungsfilm (education film) Gefahren der Liebe/A Woman Branded (Eugen Thiele, 1931) opposite Hans Stüwe. She played a rape victim, who finally becomes a murderess.

In the following years she appeared in such films as Kitty schwindelt sich ins Glück/Kitty is giddy to happiness (Herbert Juttke, 1932), Strich durch die Rechnung/Spoiling the Game (Alfred Zeisler, 1932) costarring with Heinz Rühmann, Was wissen denn Männer/What Do Men know (Gerhard Lamprecht, 1933), and Herthas Erwachen/Hertha's Awakening (Gerhard Lamprecht, 1933) opposite Hans Brausewetter.

Toni van Eyck
German postcard by Ross Verlag, no. 4879/1, 1929-1930. Photo: Atelier Jacobi, Berlin.

Appeal from the Ether


Despite these successful roles in the early 1930s, Toni van Eyck would stay a theatre actress primarily. From 1938 to 1942 she was part of the ensemble of the famous Burgtheater in Vienna.

After the war, she acted at the Salzburger Landestheater (Salzburg State Theater).

In 1950 she made her last film. She played a small part in the crime drama Ruf aus dem Äther/Appeal from the Ether (Georg C. Klaren, Georg Wilhelm Pabst, 1951) starring Oskar Werner.

Later she worked as a playwright for stage and radio. In 1955 she published her novel, Ein Mann namens Miller (A Man Named Miller). She also continued to appear on stage in guest appearances for a long time.

Toni van Eyck died in 1988.

Toni van Eyck
German postcard by Margarinewerk Gebr. Fauser GmbH. Eidelstadt, Holstein. 'Die trustfreie Eidelsan', no. 29. Photo Marcus.

Toni van Eyck
German postcard by Harlip, Berlin, no. 0568.

Sources: Thomas Staedeli (Cyranos), Wikipedia (German), and IMDb.

Peter Pasetti

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Peter Pasetti (1916–1996) was a German stage, television and film actor. The handsome and incisive character actor played a number of leading roles in post-Second World War productions such as the operetta film Eine Nacht in Venedig/A Night in Venice (1953). From the late 1950s he appeared increasingly on television.

Peter Pasetti
German postcard by F.B.Z., no. 72. Photo: Edi Sohler.

Peter Pasetti
German postcard by Kitt Photokarten, München (Munich), no. 526. Photo: Baumann.

Degenerate Art


Peter Viktor Rolf Pasetti was born in Munich in the German Empire in 1916. His father Leo Pasetti was an architect and stage designer for the Bayerischen Staatsoper.

He studied music and acting, and made his stage debut at the Bayerischen Landesbühne. In 1940 he made his film debut in the historical comedy Das Fräulein von Barnhelm/The Girl from Barnhelm (Hans Schweikart, 1940) starring Käthe Gold. It is an adaptation of the classic play Minna von Barnhelm (1767) by Gotthold Ephraim Lessing.

He also had a small part in the drama Venus vor Gericht/Venus on Trial (Hans H. Zerlett, 1941), starring Hannes Stelzer, Hansi Knoteck and Paul Dahlke. The film was part of the Nazi's campaign against 'degenerate art', and depicts the trial of a young artist who has resisted the trend towards it.

Then World War II caused a break in his film career. After the war, Peter Pasetti belonged to the Münchner Kammerspiele, from 1947 till 1979.

In 1948 he returned to the screen in the comedy Die kupferne Hochzeit/The Copper Wedding (Heinz Rühmann, 1948) with Hertha Feiler. His next films were Der Herr vom andern Stern/The Lord from another planet (Heinz Hilpert, 1948) starring Heinz Rühmann, and Du bist nicht allein/You are not alone (Paul Verhoeven, 1949).

In the musical Sensation in San Remo (Georg Jacoby, 1951), Peter Pasetti co-starred with Marika Rökk. The film, partly set at the Sanremo Festival in Italy, was one of Rökk's most successful post-war films. Mart Sander at IMDb: “Very superfluous and light entertainment, where you can predict every word, gesture and action from the beginning to the happy end.”

In the adventure film Jonny rettet Nebrador/Jonny Saves Nebrador (Rudolf Jugert, 1953), he appeared opposite Hans Albers and Margot Hielscher. The film is set in South America, but was shot on location in Italy.

In 1957 he appeared as Dr. Busch in the DEFA-production Spielbank-Affäre/Casino affair (Arthur Pohl, 1957), next to Gertrud Kückelmann and Jan Hendriks.

Peter Pasetti
German postcard by Kunst und Bild, Berlin, no. A 373. Photo: Wesel / Junge Film-Union / Herzog Film. Publicity still for Sensation in San Remo (Georg Jacoby, 1951).

Peter Pasetti
German postcard by Kunst und Bild, Berlin, no. A 648. Photo: Arthur Grimm / Melodie / Herzog-Film. Publcity still for Heimweh nach dir/Hitparade (Robert A. Stemmle, 1952).

Peter Pasetti
German postcard by Filmpostkartenverlag, Hamburg-Bergedorf, no. 176. Photo: Junge Film-Union / Wesel.

The German voice of Alfred Hitchcock


During the 1960s, 1970s and 1980s, Peter Pasetti focused more on stage and on TV. He played in countless TV series, including the popular mini-series Am grünen Strand der Spree (Fritz Umgelter, 1960). At IMDb, Ernst Wiltmann writes: “a haunting timetravel to a lost German way of live.“

Pasetti also appeared in Krimi series like Der Kommissar/The Commissionar (1971-1974), Tatort (1977), Der Alte/The Old Fox (1977-1991), and Derrick (1975-1992). He was the German voice of Skeletor in the Masters of the Universe radio play (1984-1987) and also the German voice of Alfred Hitchcock in the The Three Investigators radio play (1979-1995).

Pasetti also worked as a voice actor and dubbed Humphrey Bogart in We’re no Angels (Michael Curtiz, 1955), Gary Cooper in High Noon (Fred Zinnemann, 1952), Orson Welles in The Lady from Shanghai (Orson Welles, 1947), and Joseph Cotten in Citizen Kane (Orson Welles, 1941).

One of his later films is the drama Die Zeit der Schuldlosen/Time of the Innocent (Thomas Fantl, 1964), starring Erik Schumann. The film premiered at the 14th Berlin International Film Festival in the presence of President Lübcke and his wife, and many other German politicians.

He also could be seen in the film Und Jimmy ging zum Regenbogen/And Jimmy went to the Rainbow (Alfred Vohrer, 1971), which was based on the novel The Caesar Code by Johannes Mario Simmel. It was filmed in Vienna and Munich.

Pasetti also played Professor Gaspardi in the melodrama Das Chinesische Wunder/The Chinese Miracle (Wolfgang Liebeneiner, 1977). Jan Onderwater at IMDb: “Not only the subject of the badly written script is boring, Liebeneiner directs with disinterest - and who could blame him. The cast seems to be on heavy drugs, with the exception of Heinz Rühmann who has a fine performance during 30 minutes or so but cannot save the film; and what is his character doing in Hong Kong anyway?”

Pasetti’s final feature film was Smaragd/Emerald (Veith von Fürstenberg, 1987).

Peter Pasetti died in 1996 in Dießen am Ammersee, Germany.

Peter Pasetti
German postcard by F.J. Rüdel, Filmpostkartenverlag, Hamburg-Bergedorf, no. 1236. Photo: Standard-Film / Deutsche London / Lilo.

Peter Pasetti
East-German postcard by VEB Progress Filmvertrieb, Berlin, no. 442, 1957. Photo: Standard-Film. Publcity still for Drei vom Varieté/Three of vaudeville (Kurt Neumann, 1954).


Peter Pasetti performs Komm in die Gondel, mein Liebchen, o steige nur ein in the operetta film Eine Nacht in Venedig/A Night in Venice (Georg Wildhagen, 1953). Source: Fritz51267 (YouTube).

Sources: Stephanie D’heil (Steffi-line - German), Wikipedia (German and English) and IMDb.

Der brennende Acker (1922)

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This week's film special is about the German silent film Der brennende Acker/Burning Soil (Friedrich Wilhelm Murnau, 1922). Murnau shot this drama right before his vampire classic Nosferatu (1922). Der brennende Acker is remarkable for its beautiful exterior shots and its all-star cast, including Vladimir Gajdarov and Lya de Putti. For many decades the film was considered lost, but in 1978 an almost complete print was found in the estate of an Italian priest. There also remains this beautiful series of postcards by Edition de la Cinématographie Française, published for the French release of the film, in France titled La terre qui flambe.

Der brennende Acker (1922)
French postcard by Edition de la Cinématographie Française, Paris. Photo: G.P.C. Publicity still for Der brennende Acker/Burning Soil/La terre qui flambe (Friedrich Wilhelm Murnau, 1922).

Der brennende Acker (1922)
French postcard by Edition de la Cinématographie Française, Paris. Photo: G.P.C. Publicity still for Der brennende Acker/Burning Soil/La terre qui flambe (Friedrich Wilhelm Murnau, 1922).

Der brennende Acker (1922)
French postcard by Edition de la Cinématographie Française, Paris. Photo: G.P.C. Publicity still for Der brennende Acker/Burning Soil/La terre qui flambe (Friedrich Wilhelm Murnau, 1922).

The Devil's Field


Der brennende Acker presents two households: that of the wealthy Count Josef Emmanuel of Rudenbergand the Rogs, a fairly prosperous farm family who live nearby.

When the old farmer Rog (Werner Krauss) dies, his hard-working son Peter (Eugen Klöpfer) attends him and stays at the farm after his father's death.

The other, younger son is the more worldly Johannes (Vladimir Gajdarov). He has great ambitions and he refuses the love of the servant Maria (Grete Diercks).

His ambition leads the handsome Johannes to charm Gerda (Lya de Putti), the daughter of the old Count Rudenberg (Eduard von Winterstein), who is also dying. Gerda helps Johannes to a job as the secretary of the Count.

Johannes discovers that the Count's second wife Helga (Stella Arbenina) will inherit the Devil's Field. Only he knows that the land sits on an untapped oil field worth a fortune.

Joahnnes turns his attention from Gerda to Helga. When she is widowed, he marries her. His greed leads to death and burning soil.

Der brennende Acker (1922)
French postcard by Edition de la Cinématographie Française, Paris. Photo: G.P.C. Publicity still for Der brennende Acker/Burning Soil/La terre qui flambe (Friedrich Wilhelm Murnau, 1922).

Der brennende Acker (1922)
French postcard by Edition de la Cinématographie Française, Paris. Photo: G.P.C. Publicity still for Der brennende Acker/Burning Soil/La terre qui flambe (Friedrich Wilhelm Murnau, 1922).

Friedrich Wilhelm Murnau


In the 1920s Friedrich Wilhelm Murnau (1888-1931) was with Fritz Lang and G. W. Pabst one of the three great German film directors and Sandra Brennan at AllMovie writes that "To this day German filmmaker F.W.Murnau remains one of the most influential directors of cinema."

He made his directorial debut in 1919, the fantasy film Der Knabe in Blau/Emerald of Death (1919). His next films were also fantasy films: The three-part Satanas/Satan (1919), Murnau's first film with cinematographer Karl Freund and leading actor Conrad Veidt, and Der Bucklige und die Tänzerin/The Hunchback and the Dancer (1920), that marked the start of Murnau's collaboration with screenplay writer Carl Mayer.

With Schloss Vogelöd/The Haunted Castle (1921), filmed in only 16 days, Murnau already proved his ability to create an atmosphere of fear and horror, an ability that he masterly refined in Der Brennende Acker (1922) and his famous vampire film Nosferatu – Eine Symphonie des Grauens/Nosferatu, a Symphony of Horror (1922).

His next film, Der letzte Mann/The Last Laugh (1924), utilized unique camera techniques that later became the basis for mise-en-scene. For this film, Karl Freund masterly operated the 'moving camera'.

Besides Der letzte Mann, Murnau's literary adaptations Tartüff/Tartuffe (1925) and Faust(1925/26) also rank among the classic films of Weimar cinema produced by Erich Pommer.

In 1926, Murnau moved to Hollywood to work for Fox studios. His first American film, Sunrise: A Story of Two Humans (1927), is considered to be the apex of German silent cinema, and won an Academy award for its artistic quality.

His next film Four Devils (1928) was turned into a happy ending and was equipped with a sound track. The same happened to Our Daily Bread/City Girl (1929/30).

Murnau returned to Berlin but his negotiations with Ufa did not lead to a result. In 1929, he travelled to Tahiti where he made the naïve love story Tabu (1931) at his own expense. Deep in debt, he returned to Hollywood, where Paramount offered him a ten-year contract.

Tabu became a box-office hit, but the week before it opened, F.W. Murnau was killed in an auto accident. He was only 42.

Der brennende Acker (1922)
French postcard by Edition de la Cinématographie Française, Paris. Photo: G.P.C. Publicity still for Der brennende Acker/Burning Soil/La terre qui flambe (Friedrich Wilhelm Murnau, 1922).

Der brennende Acker (1922)
French postcard by Edition de la Cinématographie Française, Paris. Photo: G.P.C. Publicity still for Der brennende Acker/Burning Soil/La terre qui flambe (Friedrich Wilhelm Murnau, 1922).

Der brennende Acker


Der brennende Acker/Burning Soil or in French La terre qui flambe was considered lost for a long time. In 1978 an almost complete print was found in the estate of an Italian priest, who had organised screenings with his film collection in mental hospitals

Since then, Der brennende Acker is acclaimed for its visual quality, the contrast between the simple rustic farm and the airy and elegant castle. Thorkell A. Ottarsson at IMDb: "The film is quite dramatic and dark, even surprisingly dark at times. A superb film from one of the best directors of all time."

To achieve his visual effects, innovative camera angles, and bold lighting, Murnau had two of the most renowned cameramen photographing the film. Fritz Arno Wagner filmed the first part and Karl Freund the second part, and the sets were built by the equally renowned Rochus Gliese.

Karl Freund, who began as a projectionist in Berlin and newsreel cameraman, worked for Ufa in the 1920s and gained the international reputation of being a master cameraman. His later credits include such classics as Metropolis, Der Lezte Mann/The Last Laugh, Der Golem/The Golem and Variété/Variety.

W. Morrow at IMDb describes beautifully his fascination for Der brennende Acker: "a sustained mood of wintry melancholy, perked by a number of understated but impressive directorial touches. There's business involving a document torn into little pieces that is poetic. When Murnau was at his peak, in such films as Faust and Sunrise, he would stage his effects on a much grander scale, but here he manages to create a beautiful moment with a few torn pieces of paper."

Der brennende Acker (1922)
French postcard by Edition de la Cinématographie Française, Paris. Photo: G.P.C. Publicity still for Der brennende Acker/Burning Soil/La terre qui flambe (Friedrich Wilhelm Murnau, 1922).

Der brennende Acker (1922)
French postcard by Edition de la Cinématographie Française, Paris. Photo: G.P.C. Publicity still for Der brennende Acker/Burning Soil/La terre qui flambe (Friedrich Wilhelm Murnau, 1922).

Sources: Sandra Brennan (AllMovie), John DeBartolo (Silents are Golden), W. Morrow (IMDb), Thorkell A. Ottarsson (IMDb), Yepok (IMDb), Filmportal.de (German), Wikipedia (German) and IMDb.

Cornell Borchers

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In 1948 Cornell Borchers (1925-2014) started her film career in the post-war German cinema. She had her international breakthrough with her third film, The Big Lift (1950) starring Montgomery Clift. The tall, blonde, turquoise-eyed actress went on to work in England and in Hollywood, where she starred for Universal in films opposite Rock Hudson and Errol Flynn. At the end of the 1950s, she retired from acting to raise her daughter.

Cornell Borchers
German postcard by Kunst und Bild, Berlin, no. A428. Photo: CCC / Prisma.

Cornell Borchers
German postcard by FBZ, no. 225. Photo: Merkur-Film. Publicity still for Das ewige Spiel/The eternal game (Frantisek Cáp, 1951).

Cornell Borchers and Willy Birgel in Das ewige Spiel (1951)
German postcard by FBZ, no. 225. Photo: Merkur-Film / T. v. Mindszenty. Publicity still for Das ewige Spiel/The eternal game (Frantisek Cáp, 1951) with Willy Birgel.

Berlin Airlift


Cornell Borchers was born as Cornelia Bruch in Heydekrug (now Silute) in former East Prussia (now Lithuania) in 1925. She first studied medicine at the Universität Göttingen for two semesters before she attended drama classes in 1947 and 1948.

In 1948 she was discovered by film director Arthur Maria Rabenalt. Borchers debuted in his Anonyme Briefe/Anonymous Letters (1949) and also appeared in his Martina (1949).

She then signed a seven-year contract with 20th Century Fox. Publicity quickly touted her as 'the new Ingrid Bergman', but her first Hollywood sojourn turned out to be rather brief.

Her first film was the American-German coproduction The Big Lift (George Seaton, 1951). It tells the story of 'Operation Vittles', the 1948–1949 Berlin Airlift because of the Soviet blockade of Berlin, through the experiences of two U.S. Air Force sergeants (Montgomery Clift and Paul Douglas). The film was photographed at the real locations. Borchers played a German girl who had a doomed love affair with Montgomery Clift.

After The Big Lift (1950), Borchers walked out on her contract with 20th Century Fox, convinced that quality roles were not forthcoming. She returned to Germany, where she appeared in a series of forgettable crime dramas and romances. Then she got a new chance.

In the British drama The Divided Heart (Charles Crichton, 1954), she and Armin Dahlen play a childless couple in Germany who adopt a young child, whose mother (Yvonne Mitchell) has disappeared during the war. When the boy is 10 years old, his natural mother is found alive in Yugoslavia where she has survived the war as a refugee. She returns to Germany to claim her child, having lost her husband and two other children in the war.

The Divided Heart was a popular and critical success, being highly praised for its sensitivity, emotional impact and the even-handedness with which it dealt with its subject matter. It won three British Academy Film Awards (BAFTA's), including one for Borchers in the category of Best Foreign Actress.

Cornell Borchers
German card. Photo: 20th Century Fox.

Cornell Borchers
German postcard by WS-Druck, Wanne-Eickel, no. 224. Photo: Ringpress / Vogelmann.

Cornell Borchers
British postcard in the Celebrity Autograph Series, no. 255, by Celebrity Publishers Ltd., London. Photo: Universal-International. Publicity still for Istanbul (Joseph Pevney, 1957).

Heimatfilm


Cornell Borchers married twice, first to the Brit Bruce Cunningham and later to Dr. Anton Schelkopf, a psychologist and film producer/director whom she had met when she starred in his comedy Schule für Eheglück/School for Connubial Bliss (Rainer Geis, Anton Schelkopf, 1954).

Together they also made the Heimatfilm Rot ist die Liebe/Love is Red (Karl Hartl, 1957), in which she starred opposite Dieter Borsche.

She returned to Hollywood. For Universal, she starred opposite Rock Hudson in the romance Never Say Goodbye (Jerry Hopper, 1956), and with Errol Flynn and Nat King Cole in the adventure-drama Istanbul (Joseph Pevney, 1957). I.S. Mowis at IMDb: "Her swan song was an undistinguished social drama entitled Flood Tide (1958), a misfire, which resulted in Universal failing to renew her contract."

Her last film was the German film Arzt ohne Gewissen/Doctor Without Scruples (Falk Harnack, 1959) starring Ewald Balser.

Then she retired from acting and raised her three children: Christian Amadeus (1953), with Bruce Cunningham; Gabriel Antonius (1961) and Julia Kathrin (1962), with Anton Schelkopf.,

Cornell Borchers later divorced Schelkopf and lived quietly at the Starnberger See in Bavaria. There she died on 12 May 2014. She was 89.

Cornell Borchers
German card by Kolibri-Verlag, Minden (Westf.), no. F 44. Retail price: 25 Pf. Photo: Ringpress / Vogelmann.

Cornell Borchers
German card by WS-Druck, Wanne-Eickel, no. N.F 3. Photo: Klaus Collignon.

Cornell Borchers
German postcard by ISV, no. L 3. Photo: Klaus Collignon.

Cornell Borchers
German postcard by WS-Druck, Wanne-Eickel, no. F 52. Photo: Ringpress / Vogelmann / Bavaria.

Sources: I.S. Mowis (IMDb), Hal Erickson (AllMovie), Sandra Brennan (AllMovie), Wikipedia, and IMDb.

Brian Aherne

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British stage and screen actor Brian Aherne (1902-1986) was one of the top character actors of Hollywood in the 1930s, 1940s and 1950s. He was Oscar-nominated for Juarez (1939).

Brian Aherne and Victoria Hopper in The Constant Nymph (1933)
British Real Photograph postcard in the Film Partners series, no. P 121. Photo: Gaumont-British. Publicity still for The Constant Nymph (Basil Dean, 1933) with Victoria Hopper.

The next best thing


Brian Aherne was born William Brian de Lacy Aherne in King's Norton, Worcestshire, England, in 1902. He was the son of the Birmingham architect William de Lacy Aherne and his wife Louise née Thomas. His brother was actor Patrick Aherne.

Brian was educated in Edgbaston, Birmingham, England and at Malvern College, Worcestershire. As a child he trained at the Italia Conti's School in London, and only 9, he made his stage debut in Birmingham. At age 18 he made his debut as an adult with the with the Pilgrim Players which would evolve into the famous Birmingham Repertory Theatre.

Three years later, he made his debut in London's West End. Then, Aherne studied architecture, but a life as an actor was too strong to resist, so he returned to the theatre in 1923 for the revival of Paddy the Next Best Thing at the Savoy Theatre, London. For the next eight years, he toured the provinces and appeared in various productions in the West End.

In 1924, he made his film debut in the British crime drama The Eleventh Commandment (George A. Cooper, 1924) with Fay Compton, Stewart Rome and Lillian Hall-Davis. In the following years he appeared in such films as the romantic dramas The Squire of Long Hadley (Sinclair Hill, 1925) and King of the Castle (Henry Edwards, 1925) both with Marjorie Hume.

In the comedy Safety First (Fred Paul, 1926), he played a man who has his friends pose as asylum inmates to fool his rich aunt. One of his best silent British films was Shooting Stars (Anthony Asquith, A.V. Bramble, 1928) in which his adulterous wife (Annette Benson) hatches a plot to kill him. Elissa Landi was his co-star in Underground (Anthony Asquith, 1928), a working-class love story set in and around the London Underground of the 1920s.

Brian Aherne
British Real Photograph postcard. Photo: Paramount.

Brian Aherne
British postcard in the Picturegoer Series, London, no. 401b. Photo: Paramount.

Brian Aherne
British Real Photograph postcard in the Picturegoer Series, no. 401 C. Photo: United Artists.

Brian Aherne
British Real Photograph postcard, no. 127. Photo: Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer.

A proper job


In 1931, Brian Aherne made his Broadway debut playing Robert Browning in The Barretts of Wimpole Street. His sound film debut was Madame Guillotine (1931). He alternated between the New York and London stage in the early 1930s. Then he moved to Hollywood.

His first role was as Marlene Dietrich’s love interest in Song of Songs (Rouben Mamoulian, 1933). In Britain, he appeared in The Constant Nymph (Basil Dean, 1933).

He co-starred with Katherine Hepburn and Cary Grant in Sylvia Scarlett (George Cukor, 1935) and opposite Merle Oberon and David Niven in Beloved Enemy (H.C. Potter, 1936).

Aherne embodied the legendary British stage actor David Garrick in James Whale’s The Great Garrick (1937) opposite the young Olivia De Havilland. Next he made the romantic comedy Merrily We Live (Norman Z. MacLeod, 1938) in which he starred as an intelligent tramp hired as a chauffeur by a wealthy family.

In Juarez (William Dieterle, 1939) he played the doomed Emperor Maximillian. For this part, he was nominated for an Academy Award as Best Supporting Actor in 1940.

During the 1940s he starred in popular films like the screwball comedy My Sister Eileen (Alexander Hall, 1942) with Rosalind Russell, and the entertaining propaganda film Forever and a Day (Edmund Goulding, Cedric Hardwicke, et al, 1943).

In 1945, he travelled to Italy, France, Holland, and Germany to perform for the troops in The Barretts of Wimpole Street. He returned to play supporting roles in Hollywood films as the Film Noir The Locke (John Brahm, 1946) starring Robert Mitchum, and Alfred Hitchcock’s thriller I Confess (1953) starring Montgomery Clift.

His final film was Rosie! (David Lowell Rich, 1967) in which he was reunited with Rosalind Russell. Brian Aherne published his autobiography A Proper Job in 1969, and 10 years later, he published a biography of his friend George Sanders, entitled A Dreadful Man.

In 1986, Brian Aherne died of heart failure in Venice, Florida at the age of 83. He was married twice. His first wife was actress Joan Fontaine (1939-1945) (divorced). In 1946, he married Eleanor de Liagre Labrot, with whom he stayed till his death.

Brian Aherne and Victoria Hopper in The Constant Nymph (1933)
British Real Photograph postcard in the Film Partners series, no. P 121. Photo: Gaumont-British. Publicity still for The Constant Nymph (Basil Dean, 1933).

Marlene Dietrich, Brian Aherne and Lionel Atwill in The Song of Songs
German postcard by Ross Verlag, no. 183/4. Photo: Paramount. Publicity still of Brian Aherne (Richard), Lionel Atwill (Baron von Merzbach) and Marlene Dietrich (Lily) in Song of Songs (Rouben Mamoulian, 1933). Dietrich is a naïve peasant girl who models (naked) for a sculptor and falls in love with him. A rich baron, the sculptor's client, presses the artist to leave the girl to him. The baron turns her into a lady, but, incidentally, in a world wise woman too. He invites the sculptor to show Lily's metamorphosis. Lily is terribly hurt by both men.

Sources: Jon C. Hopwood (IMDb), Wikipedia, and IMDb.

Harry Halm

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Charming actor Harry Halm (1901-1980) was a popular ladies’ man of the silent German cinema. Sound film and the rise of the Nazis broke his career.

Harry Halm
Austrian postcard by Iris Verlag, no. 603. Photo: Eichberg Film / Verleih: E. Weil & Co.

Dina Gralla and Harry Halm in Prinzessin Trulala (1926)
Polish postcard by Polonia, Krakow, no. 1320. Publicity still for Prinzessin Trulala/Princess Trulala (Erich Schönfelder, Richard Eichberg, 1926) with Dina Gralla.

Harry Halm
German postcard by Ross Verlag, no. 1399/1, 1927-1928. Photo: Alex Binder.

Harry Halm
German postcard by Ross Verlag, no. 1592/2, 1927-1928. Photo: Ufa.

Dapper Charmer


Harry Halm was born in Berlin in 1901 (some sources say 1902). He was the son of the theatre manager and film director Alfred Halm.

He took acting lessons with Eduard von Winterstein and Hermann Vallentin and he began his stage career at the Schauspielhaus in Potsdam in 1919. After this engagement he went to Hamburg and later to Berlin.

Halm made his first film appearance in his father’s Der galante König/The Galant King (Alfred Halm, 1920). Two years later his father directed him again in Freund Ripp/Friend Ripp (Alfred Halm, 1923) starring Käthe Haack.

From 1923 on, he appeared more regularly before the camera in such films as Der Evangelimann/The Evangelist (Holger-Madsen, 1923) with Paul Hartmann, Windstärke 9. Die Geschichte einer reichen Erbin/Wind-force 9 – the Story of a Heir (Reinhold Schünzel, 1924) with Alwin Neuss, and Kammermusik/Chamber music (Carl Froelich, 1925) starring Henny Porten.

His most popular films included Der Demütige und die Tänzerin/The humble man and the dancer (Ewald André Dupont, 1925) with Lil Dagover, Moral/Morality (Willi Wolff, 1927) with Ellen Richter, and Die blaue Maus/The Blue Mouse (Johannes Guter, 1928) with Jenny Jugo. He was given leading roles in these films as a dapper charmer and ladies' man.

The young Lilian Harvey was in Die tolle Lola/Fabulous Lola (Richard Eichberg, 1927), Ihr dunkler Punkt/Her Skeleton in the Closet (Johannes Guter, 1929), and many other Ufa productions his partner.

He also appeared in Jennys Bummel durch die Männer/Jenny's stroll by the men (Jaap Speyer, 1929) opposite Dutch film star Truus van Aalten. This Terra-film comedy was directed by Dutchman Jaap Speyer and partially filmed in the Netherlands at the beach of Scheveningen. Most of Halm’s silent films were popular, although they were not particularly striking.

Harry Halm
Spanish postcard by Zerkowska / IFG, no. C - 31. Photo: Ufa.

Harry Halm
German postcard by Ross Verlag, no. 1592/1, 1927-1928. Photo: Ufa. Collection: Didier Hanson.

Harry Halm
German postcard by Ross Verlag, no. 3234/1, 1928-1929. Photo: Hanni Schwarz.

Harry Halm
German postcard by Ross Verlag, no. 3234/2, 1928-1929. Photo: Hanni Schwarz, Berlin.

Disappeared


In the sound film era, Harry Halm was only offered supporting roles. At the beginning of the 1930s he appeared in supporting parts in the talkies Hokuspokus/Hocuspocus (Gustav Ucicky, 1930) with Willy Fritsch and Lilian Harvey, Der wahre Jakob/True Jacob (Hans Steinhoff, 1931), and Ein toller Einfall/A Mad Idea (Kurt Gerron, 1932).

After the takeover of the Nazis in 1933, he was not even considered at all by Ufa and the other studios. He disappeared completely from the screen. The reason for this is unclear.

Only after the Second World War he returned to the cinema. He suddenly turned up in the Austrian film comedies Die Welt dreht sich verkehrt/The World Turns Backward (J.A. Hübler-Kahla, 1947) with Hans Moser, and Hin und her/Back and forth (Theo Lingen, 1948).

Halm wrote the screenplay for the film operetta Im weissen Rössl/The White Horse Inn (Willi Forst, 1952) starring Johanna Matz and Johannes Heesters.

He made some sporadic appearances in such films as Die Försterchristl/The Forester's Daughter (Arthur Maria Rabenalt, 1952) and Alraune/Mandrake (Arthur Maria Rabenalt, 1952) starring Hildegard Knef and Erich von Stroheim.

In 1955 he directed the short documentary Erfolg am laufenden Band/Success continuously (1956). His last contribution to the cinema was a small part in Der kühne Schwimmer/The bold swimmer (Karl Anton, 1957) starring Gunther Philipp and Susanne Cramer.

During the 1960s he appeared a few times on German television, including a guest role in the Krimi series Das Kriminalmuseum/The criminal museum (1963-1970).

Harry Halm died in 1980 in Munich. He was 79.

Harry Halm
German postcard by Ross Verlag, no. 4196/1, 1929-1930. Photo: Ufa.

Harry Halm
German postcard by Ross Verlag, no. 4196/2, 1929-1930. Photo: Ufa.

Harry Halm
German postcard by Ross Verlag, no. 4443/1, 1929-1930. Photo: Ufa. Harry Halm in the German early sound film Wenn du einmal dein Herz verschenkst/When You One Day Give Your Heart Away (Johannes Guter, 1929) starring Halm, Igo Sym and Lilian Harvey.

Harry Halm
German postcard by Ross Verlag, no. 4443/2, 1929-1930. Photo: Ufa.

Sources: Thomas Staedeli (Cyranos), Filmportal.de, Wikipedia (German) and IMDb.

Aldo Graziati

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Today in our series on film star photographers, Aldo Graziati (1905-1953) or simply Aldo. The Italian is known as the cinematographer of some of the classic films by Luchino Visconti. But before that, Aldo worked in France as a still photographer and he made iconic studio portraits of the most beautiful stars of the French cinema.

Alain Cuny
Alain Cuny. French postcard by E.C. Paris, no. 58. Photo: Aldò Graziati / Discina. Publicity still for Les visiteurs du soir (Marcel Carné, 1942).

Visconti


During his career as an actor, photographer, cameras operator and cinematographer Aldo Rossano Graziati was credited as Aldo Rossano, Aldo, G. Aldo and G.R. Aldo.

In 1947, he shot his first film, the short French documentary Couleur de Venise/Colour of Venice (Jean Faurez, Jacques Mercanton, 1947).

A year later, he worked with Luchino Visconti on the neorealist classic La Terra Trema/The Earth Trembles (Luchino Visconti, 1948), loosely adapted from Giovanni Verga's novel I Malavoglia (The House by the Medlar Tree).

The picture, a docufiction about the exploitation of working-class fishermen on Sicily, features non-professional actors, including the brothers Antonio Arcidiacono and Giuseppe Arcidiacono.

Aldo's sensitivity to location in this drama of poor Sicilian fishermen produced never-to-be-forgotten images in black-and-white. The physical beauty of the sea scenes and the contrasting landscapes never obscured the neorealistic approach of its director. La Terra Trema/The Earth Trembles received a Golden Lion at the 9th Venice International Film Festival in 1948.

Aldo was also the cinematographer of the Italian historical drama Cielo sulla palude/Heaven over the Marshes (Augusto Genina, 1949) portraying the life of the saint Maria Goretti, and the drama Domani è troppo tardi/Tomorrow Is Too Late (Léonide Moguy, 1950) with Pier Angeli. The film was awarded Best Italian Film at the Venice Film Festival.

Aldo worked three times for director Vittorio De Sicaas the cinematographer of Miracolo a Milano/Miracle in Milan (Vittorio de Sica, 1951), the neorealist classic Umberto D. (Vittorio de Sica, 1952), and Stazione Termini/Indiscretion of an American Wife (Vittorio de Sica, 1953), starring Jennifer Jones and Montgomery Clift.

He also worked as one of the cinematographers of Orson Welles' mythical Othello (1952). The film won the Best film award at the Cannes Film Festival in 1952.

Aldo's final film was the drama Senso (Luchino Visconti, 1954) with Alida Valli and Farley Granger. Senso was Visconti's and Aldo's first colour film and they obviously had put a lot of effort to it. Senso is visually gorgeous and meant an aesthetic revolution for Italian cinema.

During the production of the film, Aldo was killed in a car crash in Albara di Pianiga near Padua on 14 November 1953. British cinematographer Robert Krasker completed the film.

Aldo's cinematography for the film later received the Italian National Syndicate of Film Journalists' award. Visconti was nominated for the Golden Lion award at the 15th Venice International Film Festival.

Pier Angeli and Gino Leurini in Domani è troppo tardi (1950)
Pier Angeli and Gino Leurini in Domani è troppo tardi/Tomorrow Is Too Late (Léonide Moguy, 1950). Italian postcard. Photo: M.G.M.

Slow starter


Aldo Rossano Graziati was born in Scorzè, Italy in 1905. As a boy, he already loved to travel and in 1923 he moved to France to become an actor.

Aldo worked on stage and began his film career as a supporting actor in the French silent film L'ile d'amour/The Island of Love (Berthe Dagmar, Jean Durand, 1929), credited as Aldo Rossano. But soon he gave up this profession.

He kept his hand in the film business, and became a still photographer. He kept this position for nearly 20 years. He made the stills for such classics of the French cinema as L'éternel retour (Jean Delannoy, 1943) with Madeleine Sologne and Jean Marais, La vie de bohème (Marcel L'Herbier, 1945) starring Maria Denis and Louis Jourdan, and the romantic fantasy La belle et la bête (Jean Cocteau, 1946) with Jean Maraisand Josette Day.

His eye was always on becoming a cinematographer and he worked his way up to assistant cameraman. Then the slow starter became the camera operator for such French films as L'empreinte du Dieu/Two Women (Léonide Moguy, 1940) with Pierre Blanchar, and La symphonie fantastique/The Fantastic Symphony (Christian-Jacque, 1942) with Renée Saint-Cyr.

In the early 1940s, Aldo alternated the work of camera operator (often with Roger Hubert) to work as a portrait photographer for the well-known Studio Harcourt in Paris, for which Cecil Beaton and Paul Ronald also worked. He also worked for Discina. His stills and portraits show a flair for aesthetic shots and his admiration for Caravaggio. In his later camera work for La Terra Trema (1948) this influence is also recognizable.

Finally he secured the position of full-fledged cinematographer. According to Wikipedia, his first feature as a cinematographer was La Chartreuse de Parme/The Charterhouse of Parma (Christian-Jaque, 1948), starring Gérard Philipe and Maria Casares. However, IMDb credits him as the still photographer at that film.

When the Nazis occupied France, he fled to Nice. There he met Michelangelo Antonioni, who brought him back to Italy. Antonio introduced him to his friend Luchino Visconti, who asked him to undertake the photography for La Terra Trema (1948). Thus Aldo became a key figure in the neorealist cinema.

According to Albert Steeman at the Internet Encyclopedia of Cinematographers, Aldo "created some of the most influential black-and-white films of his time. He is, in many opinions, the greatest among the neorealist cinematographers, and his most miraculous achievement was to respect and portray the reality of life by maximizing the potential of the camera and lights."

Gérard Philipe
Gérard Philipe. French postcard by Editions P.I., Paris, no. 57. Photo: Discina.

Louise Carletti
Louise Carletti. French postcard by Collection Chantal, no. 838. Photo: G. Aldo / Discina, Paris.

Jean Marais
Jean Marais. French postcard by Editions E.C., Paris, no. 10. Photo: Discina.

Michèle Morgan
Michèle Morgan. French postcard by Edit. Chantal, Rueil, no. 571. Photo: Discina, Paris.

Henri Vidal
Henri Vidal. French postcard by Editions Votre Vedette (EVV), no. 166. Photo: Aldo Graziati.

Check out our other posts on film star photographers. See the links at right under the caption 'The Photographers'.

Sources: Albert Steeman (Internet Encyclopedia of Cinematographers), Wikipedia (English and German) and IMDb.

Ossip Runitsch

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Russian actor, producer and stage director Ossip Runitsch (1889-1947) was one of the biggest stars of the Russian silent film and one of the first iconic figures of the early Russian cinema. After the October revolution, he worked in Latvia, Italy, Germany, France and South-Africa.

Ossip Runitsch
Russian postcard. Collection: Didier Hanson.

Vera Kholodnaya, Ossip Runitsch
Russian postcard, no. 75. Collection: Didier Hanson. Publicity still for Posledneiye tango/Last Tango (Vyacheslav Viskovsky, 1918) with Vera Kholodnaya.

Last tango


Ossip (or Osip) Runitsch was born as Osip Fradkin in Saint-Petersburg, the Russian Empire in 1889, according to Wikipedia. IMDb gives as his birth name Osip Ivanovich Runich.

He started his acting career on stage and worked for the Moscow Art Theatre and the Hermitage Theatre in Saint-Petersburg.

In 1915-1919 he starred in some successful silent films of that time, such as the historical drama Voyna i mir/War and Peace (Vladimir Gardin, Yakov Protazanov, 1915) with Vera Karalli, and Pesn torzhestvuyushchey lyubvi/Song of Triumphant Love(Yevgeni Bauer, 1915) with Vera Kholodnaya.

He co-starred again with Kholodnaya in the circus drama Molchi, grust... molchi/Be silent, sorrow ... be silent (Pyotr Chardynin, 1918), and Posledneiye tango/Last tango (Vyacheslav Viskovsky, 1918).

According to Wikipedia, Runitsch was a long-time admirer of the beautiful Vera Kholodnaya and was devastated after her early death in 1919.

During the Russian Civil War, Ossip Runitsch thus fled Russia. He lived for a while in Riga, Latvia, where he played in the troupe of Russian Drama Theatre.

Then he left for Italy. Credited as Giuseppe Runitsch, he took part in a number of Italian films, including L'orchidea fatale/The fatal orchid (Alessandro Rosenfeld, Aleksandr Uralsky, 1920) and L'automobile errante/The wandering car (Arturo Ambrosio Jr., Achille Consalvi, 1921).

Vera Kholodnaya, Ossip Runitsch
Russian postcard, no. 132. Collection: Didier Hanson. Publicity still for Posledneiye tango/Last Tango (Vyacheslav Viskovsky, 1918) with Vera Kholodnaya. Only about 10 minutes of this film are known to exist. The rest of the film is believed lost.

Vera Kholodnaya
Russian postcard, no. 146. Collection: Didier Hanson. Publicity still for Posledneiye tango/Last Tango (Vyacheslav Viskovsky, 1918) with Vera Kholodnaya.

Ossip Runitsch and Vera Kholodnaya
Ossip Runitsch and Vera Kholodnaya. Russian postcard, no. 125. Collection: Didier Hanson.

Playing with Fire


In 1921, Ossip Runitsch moved on to Berlin, then the burgeoning film capital of Europe.

In Germany he co-starred as Camille Desmoulins in the silent historical film Danton (Dimitri Buchowetzki, 1921) opposite Emil Jannings as Danton and Werner Krauss as Robespierre. The film was based on the play Danton's Death by Georg Büchner.

Interesting was also the silent comedy-drama Das Spiel mit dem Feuer/Playing with Fire (Georg Kroll, Robert Wiene, 1921). Diana Karenne starred as a method actress, who likes living out the roles she is playing in real life. To prepare for her new play, she enters the criminal underworld and ends up being implicated in a burglary of a Duke who is one of her suitors.

Runitsch also worked with director Robert Wiene on Der Puppenmacher von Kiang-Ning/The Doll Maker of Kiang-Ning (Robert Wiene, 1923) with Werner Krauss as a doll maker in China who crafts a puppet which he is convinced is lifelike.

In 1925 Runitsch married Nina Pavlishcheva, a ballet dancer. They often worked in Paris, where Runitsch worked on Russian emigrant stage productions, plays but ballets and operas as well. He also taught at a Russian theatre academy in Paris.

One of his last silent films was the German drama Tagebuch einer Kokotte/Diary of a Coquette (Constantin J. David, 1929) starring Fee Malten. A year later, sound and his accent finished his film career.

In 1933, he and his wife accepted an invitation to tour South Africa from local Jewish friends. They stayed in South Africa and Runitsch became a founder of one of the first professional theatre companies in a country, the Johannesburg Studio. Besides, he produced operas for the State Theatre in mid-1940s.

Ossip Runitsch died in 1947 in Johannesburg, South Africa.

Vera Kholodnaya, Ossip Runitsch
Ossip Runitsch and Vera Kholodnaya. Russian postcard, no. 30. Collection: Didier Hanson.

Vera Kholodnaya, Ossip Runitsch
Russian postcard, no. 30. Publicity still for Molchi, grust... molchi/Be silent, sorrow ... be silent (Pyotr Chardynin, 1918) with Vera Kholodnaya. Collection: Didier Hanson.

Vladimir Maksimov, Vera Kholodnaya, Vitold Polonsky, Ivan Khudoleyev,  Ossip Runitsch, Petr Cardynin, Ivan Mozzhukin
A Who is Who of the Russian silent cinema. In a circle from left: actor Vladimir Maksimov (with bear), actress Vera Kholodnaya, actor Vitold Polonsky, actor Ivan Khudoleyev, actor Ivan Mozzhukin, actor-director Pyotr Chardynin and Ossip Runitsch. Russian postcard, no. 108. Collection: Didier Hanson.

Sources: Wikipedia (German and English) and IMDb.

Marcella Albani

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Petite Italian actress and author Marcella Albani (1899-1959) appeared in 50 films from 1919 on. She was especially successful as elegant Latin lady in the German silent cinema.

Marcella Albani
German postcard by Ross Verlag, Berlin, no. 596/3, 1925-1926. Photo: Albani Film. Collection: Didier Hanson.

Marcella Albani
German postcard by Ross Verlag, Berlin, no. 596/4, 1919-1924. Photo: Albani-Film.

Marcella Albani
German postcard by Ross Verlag, no. 892/2, 1925-1926. Photo: Alex Binder / Albani Film.

Marcella Albani
German postcard by Ross Verlag, Berlin, no. 1521/1, 1927-1928. Photo: Aafa Film.

Marcella Albani
German postcard by Ross-Verlag, Berlin, no. 4226/1, 1929-1930. Photo: Alex Binder.

Marcella Albani
German postcard by Ross Verlag, no. 4825/1, 1929-1930. Photo: Hegewald Film.

Ambrosio


Marcella Albani was born as Ida Maranca in the village of Albano Laziale near Rome, in 1899. Her father was the owner of a popular hosteria in Trastevere.

Shortly after finishing her grammar school, she met the Roman aristocrat Guido Parish. The actor-director gave her the stage name Marcella Albani and directed her in her first film, L'amplesso della morte/The Embrace of the Dead (1919).

For Ambrosio Filmin Turin they made a series of melodramas and adventure films, including Salvator (1920), La figlia delle onde/The Daughter of the Waves (1921), Amore in fuga/Love on the Run (1921) and Bufera/Buffalo (1922).

Sadly in 1922 the legendary Ambrosio film company went bankrupt, and Parish had to sell out their films.

Marcella Albani
German postcard by Ross Verlag, no. 240/4, 1919-1924. Photo: Alex Binder / Albani Film.

Marcella Albani
German postcard by Ross Verlag, Berlin, no. 538/1, 1919-1924. Photo: Alex Binder.

Marcella Albani
German postcard by Ross Verlag, Berlin, no. 538/2, 1919-1924. Photo: Alex Binder.

Marcella Albani
German postcard by Ross Verlag, Berlin, no. 538/3, 1919-1924. Photo: Alex Binder. Marcella Albani in the film Das Spiel der Liebe/The Game of Love (Guido Parish, 1924).

Marcella Albani
German postcard by Ross Verlag, no. 1750/3, 1926. Photo: Atelier Schneider, Berlin. Collection: Didier Hanson.

Absolute Peak in Popularity


In 1923 Marcella Albani and Guido Parish went to Berlin. In 1923 she appeared in Frauenschicksal/Woman's Destiny (1923) and Im Rausche der Leidenschaft (1923) with Alfred Abel.

Marcella was an instant success in Germany. Other films were Das Spiel der Liebe/The Game of Love (1924) with Alfred Abel, Guillotine (1924) with Willy Fritsch, and Die Flucht in den Zirkus/The Circus of Life (1926) with Vladimir Gajdarov, which she made with her own company Marcella Albani Film GmbH, and which were directed by Guido Parish under the pseudonym Guido Schamberg.

During this period she portrayed mainly elegant Latin beauties. In 1926, her cooperation with Parish ended and she went on to make films with famous directors like Joe May and Friedrich Zelnik.

Albani experienced her absolute peak in popularity between 1927 and 1929 when she made twenty films within three years. These included Das Geheimnis des Abbe X/Behind the Altar (Julius Brandt, Wilhelm Dieterle, 1927) and Fürst oder Clown/Prince or Clown (Aleksandr Razumnyj, 1928) with Iván Petrovich.

Her engagements led her to France for L’évadée/The Escapist (Henri Ménessier, 1928), Austria for Das Weib am Kreuze/The Female at the Cross (Guido Brignone, 1929), Czechoslovakia for Hricy Lasky/The Last Mask (Carl Lamac, 1930) and to Italy for Corte d'Assise/Before the Jury (Guido Brignone, 1931).

Marcella Albani
Probably French postcard, editor unknown. Strangely enough, the named is spelled Albania here. Written on the back: Marcella Albani, 1926.

Marcella Albani
French postcard by Europe, no. 576. Photo: Mercure Film.

Marcella Albani
Austrian postcard by Iris-Verlag, Berlin, no. 5346. Photo: Norbert & Co. / HOM.

Marcella Albani
German postcard by Ross Verlag, no. 1450/1, 1927-1928. Photo: Ernst Schneider, Berlin.

Marcella Albani
German postcard by Ross Verlag, no. 1931/1, 1927-1928. Photo: Alex Binder, Berlin.

Marcella Albani
German postcard by Ross Verlag, no. 3704/1, 1928-1929. Photo: Ernst Schneider, Berlin.

Coppa Volpi


After the advance of sound film, Marcella Albani turned to writing. She published novels like Glauca, l'amata l'innamorata (Glauce, the Beloved Lover) and La Citta dell' Amore (The City of Love). The latter was adapted for the screen with her by director Mario Franchini, La Citta dell' Amore/The City of Love (1934).

Since 1931 Franchini was also her husband, with whom she had a child. Incidentally she made films like Stradivarius (Albert Valentin, Géza von Bolváry, 1935) with Pierre Richard-Willm and Edwige Feuillère, and the German language version, Stradivari (Géza von Bolváry, 1935) with Gustav Fröhlich and Sybille Schmitz.

Her last film was the German Western Der Kaiser von Kalifornien/The Emperor of California (Luis Trenker, 1936) starring director Trenker himself, with whom she had worked before at Der Kampf am Matterhorn/Fight for the Matterhorn (Mario Bonnard, Nunzio Malasomma, 1926). Der Kaiser von Kalifornien was awarded the Coppa Volpi at the Venice Film Festival in 1937.

After this she retired from the film business and lived at the Ligurian coast. She made one last film, after the war, the Austrian production Ein bezaubernder Schwindler/A Charming Crook (Hans Wolff, 1949).

Marcella Albani died of a tumour in 1959, in Bad Goedesberg, Germany.

Marcella Albani
German postcard by Ross Verlag, no. 1150/1, 1927-1928. Photo: Atelier Schneider, Berlin.

Marcella Albani
German postcard by Ross Verlag, no. 1150/2, 1919-1924. Photo Atelier Schneider, Berlin.

Marcella Albani
German postcard by Ross Verlag, no. 3170/1, 1928-1929. Photo: Atelier Schneider.

Marcella Albani,
German postcard by Ross Verlag, no. 3278/2, 1928-1929. Photo: Atelier Bieber, Berlin.

Marcella Albani, Lya Franca and Elio Steiner in Corte d'Assise
Italian postcard. Photo: Cines-Pittaluga. Marcella Albani, Lya Franca and Elio Steiner in Corte d'Assise/Before the Jury (Guido Brignone, 1930), the second Italian sound film, after La canzone dell'amore, and one the first Italian court case crime stories.

Sources: Vittorio Martinelli (Le Dive del Silenzio - Italian), Stefano Cocciardi (MarcellaAlbani.eu - Italian), Thomas Staedeli (Cyranos), Filmportal.de, Wikipedia and IMDb.

Die Halbstarken (1956)

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Most of the German films of the 1950s were musical comedies, sentimental dramas or Heimatfilms. An exception was the teen drama Die Halbstarken/Teenage Wolfpack (Georg Tressler, 1956) which brought dark alleys, petticoats, leather jackets, American cars, teenage sex and crime to the screen. Germany's first look on juvenile delinquency gave also a rare realistic view of life in a German city during the Wirschaftswunder era, the years of the economic miracle. The film became a cult hit all over Europe and two new stars were born, Horst Buchholz as the charismatic gang leader and Karin Baal as his 15-year oldfemme fatale.

Horst Buchholz, Karin Baal
German postcard by Kolibri-Verlag, Minden/Westf., no. 2329. Photo: Interwest / Union / Haenchen. Publicity still for Die Halbstarken (1956).

Karin Baal and Horst Buchholz in Die Halbstarken (1956)
Austrian postcard by Lichtbild-Vertrieb Paula Weizmann, Wien, no. F 7. Photo: Interwest / Union-Film / Haenchen. Publicity still for Die Halbstarken/Teenage Wolfpack (Georg Tressler, 1956).

Hard, raw and realistic


Young author Will Tremper did not like the sentimental films that were made in Germany and Austria during the 1950s. While German film makers produced cheesy Heimatfilms and family comedies, Hollywood presented energetic teen dramas as The Wild One (Laslo Benedek, 1953) with Marlon Brando, The Blackboard Jungle (Richard Brooks, 1955) and Rebel Without a Cause (Nicholas Ray, 1955), featuring James Dean.

In that vein, Tremper and director Georg Tressler decided to make a film that would become a classic of German post-war cinema.

With the exception of lead actor Horst Buchholz, they chose non-professionals to play the young gang members. Remarkable is also that the jukebox doesn't play the then new and hot rock & roll, but jazz music. Composer Martin Böttcher made the Soundtrack with Mister Martins Band.

The result was a sensation. According to Hal Erickson at AllMovie, the young actors are "exuding a raw energy that many 'pros' could not emulate.

For Volker Scheunert at IMDb, Die Halbstarken/Teenage Wolfpack (Georg Tressler, 1956) is his favourite German film of the 1950s: "This one is hard, raw and realistic, omitting any false sentimentality or romanticism."

Horst Buchholz
Horst Buchholz. German postcard by Kolibri-Verlag, Minden Westf., no. 2171. Photo: Interwest / Union-Film / Haenchen. Publicity still for Die Halbstarken/Teenage Wolfpack (Georg Tressler, 1956).

Karin Baal in Die Halbstarken (1956)
Karin Baal. German postcard by Kolibri-Verlag, Minden/Westf. Photo: Interwest / Union / Haenchen. Publicity still for Die Halbstarken (1956).

Christian Doermer
Christian Doermer. German postcard by Kolibri-Verlag, Minden-Westf., no. 140.

Dreaming of a Buick Cabriolet


Die Halbstarken - what can be translated as The Hooligans - was shot on location in West Berlin in 1955 and 1956.

Horst Buchholz plays 19-year old Freddy Borchert, who has been thrown out of his home by his overly strict father (Paul Wagner) and the charismatic but tough teenager has to survive on the streets of West-Berlin.

In an indoor swimming pool he meets his younger brother Jan (Christian Doermer). Freddy pretends to have a good job but he has risen to the head of a youth gang and leads a life of crime.

Jan knows that his parents need the huge sum of 3,000 Deutschmarks to pay their debts, and asks his brother if he could help them. Freddy says yes for his mother’s sake. He is preparing his 'biggest coup' ever: a mail car robbery that would not only allow him to help his parents but to fulfil his dream - buying a Buick Cabriolet.

But the robbery goes wrong. In order to reassert himself as the leader of the pack and to prove to his girlfriend Sissy (Karin Baal) that he is a man, Freddy breaks into the a villa of a wealthy man. Surprised by the owner, the situation escalates.

Horst Buchholz
Horst Buchholz. German postcard by Franz-Josef Rüdel, Hamburg-Bergedorf, no. 1858. Photo: Interwest / Union-Film / Haenchen. Publicity still for Die Halbstarken/Teenage Wolfpack (Georg Tressler, 1956).

Horst Buchholz
Horst Buchholz. German postcard by Kolibri-Verlag, Minden Westf., no. 2204. Photo: Interwest / Union-Film. Publicity still for Die Halbstarken/Teenage Wolfpack (Georg Tressler, 1956).

A soda-sucking Lolita


At his blog Pause Rewind Obsess, Tim Lucas writes: "in his fourth credited screen appearance, Buchholz actually pulls off something comparable to what John Travolta achieved in Saturday Night Fever. He is positively magnetic in his dramatic scenes, which lets us believe the power he exudes over his mates, but he explodes onscreen - as they say - when he jitterbugs with his girlfriend (future krimi queen Karin Baal) at a local bar."

Karin Baal was chosen out 300 girls, who had joined a talent search for the part. Tim Lucas: "Playing a 15 year old girl, she looks and acts sophisticated beyond her years, but was in fact only 15 (sic, she was 16) in real life; never was she more photogenic or captivating than she is here. A soda-sucking Lolita who matures on our watch into a manipulative, trigger-pulling femme fatale, Baal's Sissy Bohl is an unforgettable character."

For the German release some of the voices of the young and inexperienced performers had been dubbed. Brigitte Grothum for instance dubbed for Karin Baal and Lutz Moik for Kalle Gaffkus.

In 1957 Die Halbstarken could be seen in a dubbed version, titled Teenage Wolfpack - in Britain and the US as well. The tagline was "Think of a law, they've broken it. Think of a crime, they've committed it." The American distributor billed Horst Buchholz as 'Henry Bookholt', and Karin Baal as 'Karen' Baal to help disguise the foreign origin of the film.

Director Georg Tressler was awarded the Filmband in Silber (Silver Filmband) as best new director in 1957. After Die Halbstarken, he made many films and TV productions until the 1990s. Will Tremper continued as a screenwriter and director of nonconformist films. He passed away in 1998.

While Horst Buchholz became an international Star and died in 2003, Karin Baal and Christian Doermer have made their own careers in German Film and Television.

Horst Buchholz, Karin Baal
Karin Baal and Horst Buchholz. German postcard by Kolibri-Verlag, Minden/Westf., no. 2202. Photo: Interwest / Union / Haenchen. Publicity still for Die Halbstarken (1956).

Horst Buchholz
Horst Buchholz. German postcard by Filmbilder-Vertrieb Ernst Freihoff, Essen, no. 140. Photo: Union Film / Kiehl. Publicity still for Die Halbstarken/Teenage Wolfpck (1956).

Karin Baal in Die Halbstarken (1956)
Karin Baal. German postcard by Kolibri-Verlag, Minden/Westf., no. 2096. Photo: Interwest / Union. Publicity still for Die Halbstarken (1956).

Hansjoachim Ketzlin in Die Halbstarken (1956)
Hansjoachim Ketzlin. German postcard by Labaphot. Photo: Interwest / Union / Haenchen. Publicity still for Die Halbstarken (Georg Tressler, 1956). Ketzlin played Willi. During the 1970s, he returned to the cinema as an actor in soft sex films. He also produced three films, including the mediocre thriller Das Amulett des Todes/Cold Blood (Ralf Gregan, Günter Vaessen, 1975) starring Rutger Hauer before his Hollywood breakthrough.

Sources: Volker Scheunert (IMDb), Tim Lucas (Pause Rewind Obsess), Wikipedia (German), Filmportal.de, and IMDb.

Tullio Carminati

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Tullio Carminati (1892-1971) was an Italian stage and film actor with a long standing career from the 1910s to the 1960s. He played in Italian, German, American, British and French films as well as on Italian, American and British stages.

Tullio Carminati
Italian postcard. Photo: Fotocolore, Torino.

Tullio Carminati
Italian postcard by Edizioni A. Traldi, Milano, no. 2. Photo: A. Badodi, Milano.

Tullio Carminati
Italian postcard by Edizione Bettini, Roma, no. 128.

A modern, refined and sensible actor


Tullio Carminati was born as Count Tullio Carminati de Brambilla in Zara, Austrian-Hungarian Empire (now Zadar, Croatia) in 1892 (1894, according to IMDb and Wikipedia).

He ran away from school and joined a theatre company which soon ran into financial trouble. Disinherited and chased from the house by his father, he had to start working as an actor. He managed to get employed by Alfredo de Sanctis in 1907, during a Dalmatian tour by the latter.

In 1909 Carminati arrived in Rome. By mediation of actor Gustavo Serena, Carminati met Ferruccio Garavaglia, first actor of the Compagnia stabile romana, which resided at the Teatro Argentina and which accepted him as an extra.

The company director, Ettore Paladini, was not convinced of Carminati’s talent and restricted him to modest parts. In 1910 actress Emma Grammatica discovered him, while giving guest performances at the Argentina. She admired his elegance and spontaneity and convinced the management to give him jeune premier parts.

Under this flag, star actor and director Ermete Novelli noticed him in La fiamma and hired him in 1912 for his own company. Novelli became his teacher who learned him to give a balanced and natural performance and the taste for simple and touching solutions. Under the aegis of Novelli, Carminati transformed in a modern, refined and sensible actor, free of affectations.

Soon, Marco Praga hired Carminati for his Compagnia stabile of the Teatro Manzoni in Milan and let him play in various modern plays by Gabriele D’Annunzio, Dario Niccodemi, Praga himself, and others. During a tour in South America and back in Milan the focus was more on the lighter repertory.

Tullio Carminati, Helena Makowska and Mary Cléo Tarlarini in Romanticismo
Italian postcard by IPACT, no. 742. Photo: Ambrosio. Count Vitaliano Lamberti (Tullio Carminati) is arrested by the Austrians, while his mother (Mary Cléo Tarlarini) and his wife (Helena Makowska) cannot help. Caption: 'Lasciate almeno delle nostre donne la libertà di morire di dolore' (At least permit our women the liberty to die of sorrow!).

Helena Makowska in Romanticismo (1915)
Italian postcard by IPACT, no. 747. Photo: Ambrosio. Helena Makowska (Anna Lamberti), Tullio Carminati (Count Vitaliano Lamberti) and Domenico Serra (Giacomino) in Romanticismo (Carlo Campogaliani, 1915). The caption: 'Giacomino fa dei debiti..., ma sa dove refonirsi' (Giacomino makes debts... but knows where to find funds to repay them).

Tullio Carminati in Romanticismo (1915)
Italian postcard by IPACT, no. 752. Photo: Ambrosio. Tullio Carminati in Romanticismo (1915).

Hesperia, Carminati and Habay in L'aigrette
Italian postcard by IPA CT Duplex, no. 5108. Photo: Tiber Film. Hesperia, Tullio Carminati and André Habay in the Italian silent film L'aigrette (Baldassarre Negroni, 1917). Caption: 'Claudio, Enrico e Susanna. Tragico colloquio' (Claudio, Enrico and Susanna. Tragic conversation). The countess of Saint-Servant (Ida Carolini Talli) has raised her son Enrico (Tullio Carminati) to be proud of his name and title, and to cherish honour and virtue, symbolised by the feather of her aigrette. In reality the countess is hunted by creditors, the castle is falling apart. Enrico falls in love with Susanne Leblanc (Hesperia), wife of banker, and in return she loads him with money in order to restore the castle. Her husband Claudio (André Habay) is not so happy with this kind of charity...

Tullio Carminati and Ida Carloni Talli in L'aigrette
French postcard. Caption: 'Le pardon' (forgiveness). Photo: Tullio Carminati and Ida Carloni-Talli in the Italian silent film L'aigrette/The Egret (Baldassarre Negroni, 1917).

Eye For detail, realism and style


In 1914 Tullio Carminati made his début in the Italian silent cinema. His first film appearance was in La mia vita per la tua/My life for yours (1914), starring Maria Carmi and directed by Emilio Ghione.

When the Manzoni company stopped in 1915, Carminati signed a contract with the Ambrosio company of Turin, playing in the propaganda film Romanticismo/Romanticism (Carlo Campogalliani, Arrigo Frusta, 1915), in which he was the Italian aristocrat fighting the Austrians during the Risorgimento.

His co-actress was Elena Makowska who had her breakthrough in this film. Carminati would be paired with Makowska in several other Ambrosio films, as in Val d’Olivi/Val of Olives (Eleuterio Rodolfi, 1915), again set at the Risorgimento.

Carminati also did a few films with actress Madeleine Céliat, such as Davanti alla legge/In front of the law (Carlo Campogalliani, 1916).

In 1916 Carminati joined the theatre company of Lyda Borelli and Ugo Piperno. He played in Nozze dei Centauri (Wedding of the Centaurs), La donna nuda (The naked woman) and Amanti (Lovers).

But soon Carminati left again and focused on film acting, with titles like Tramonto triste/Sad Tramonte (Giuseppe Pinto, 1916) and L’articolo IV/The article IV (Gennaro Righelli, 1917). At the company Tiber Film, he played in a series of films directed by Augusto Genina in 1916-1918: Kalidaa – la storia una mummia/Kalidaa - the history of a mummy (1917), Il trono e la seggiola/The throne and the chair (1918) and in particular the successful films Il presagio/The premonition (1916) and La menzogna/The lie (1916), both with Vera Vergani.

By now Carminati had become a real film star, his face and shape endlessly reproduced on postcards, posters and photos, in particular his kiss from Il presagio. Between 1917 and 1922 Carminati acted in twelve star vehicles with the Italian diva Hesperia, such as L’aigrette/The Egret (1917), La donna dei cuori/The woman of the hearts (1917) and La donna abbandonata/The Abandoned Woman (1917), all directed by her husband Baldassarre Negroni.

In the late 1910s, Carminati also played with Maria Jacobini in La via più lunga/The longest street (Mario Caserini, 1918) and he made a few films with Gemma and Bianca Stagno Bellincioni.

In 1919 Carminati founded his own film company, Carminati-Film. He produced five films with it in 1919-1920, all directed by Enrico Roma, but in the end he was forced to dissolve the company. All in all Carminati played in some 37 Italian silent films between 1914 and 1924.

After some failures in the cinema Carminati was forced to return to the stage. There he became extremely successful with his own company, together with Alda Borelli, Lyda's sister, in 1920 and 1921.

Carminati’s plays were known for their eye for detail, realism and style and their lack of frivolous overdoing. He played elegant and refined characters, full of spirit and wit. However, his part as Armand in Alexandre DumasLa dame aux camélias (Camille) was considered as too cold.

When Borelli left the company in 1921, Carminati became director and first actor of Eleonora Duse’s company. Here he directed three dramas of which he played only in one, Cosí sia (Such is) by T. Gallarati Scotti.

United Artists producer Joseph Schenck spotted him and offered him to come to Hollywood to play in a series of films, but after the failure of Carminati-Film and because of his workload at the theatre, Carminati had his doubts. When Duse went on tour to the US, Carminati joined the theatre company of Lucio d’Ambra and Mario Fumagalli, appearing in plays by Luigi Pirandello, Roberto Bracco and Sem Benelli.

Carminati did only a few films in those years including Mensch gegen Mensch/Person against person (Hans Steinhoff, 1923), shot in Germany with Alfred Abel in the lead.

Between 1924 and 1925 Carminati did a series of plays with Italia Almirante Manzini and Lina Tricerri, including the very successful comedy Le nozze di Leporello (The wedding of Leporello) by Luigi Almirante.

Maria Jacobini and Tullio Carminati
Italian postcard by Ed. Vettori, Bologna. Photo: probably a publicity still for L'articolo IV (Gennaro Righelli, 1918) with Maria Jacobini and Tullio Carminati.

Tullio Carminati
Italian postcard by Vettori, Bologna, no. 21.

Vera Vergani and Tullio Carminati
Italian postcard, no. 74. Sent by mail in 1924. At the company Tiber Film, Carminati played in a series of films directed by Augusto Genina in 1916-1918, in particular the successful films Il presagio (1916) and La menzogna (1916), both with Vera Vergani.

Vera Vergani and Tullio Carminati
Italian postcard, no. 86. Photo: Carminati with Vera Vergani.

Elegance, Openness and Sobriety


Fed up with the decline of the Italian film world and deluded by the collaboration with Italia Almirante Manzini and Lina Tricerri, Tullio Carminati went to the US in 1925, without any clear prospects and without speaking the language properly.

After some time, he managed to get a contract with United Artists and played a detective in his first American film: The Bat (Roland West, 1926), with Jack Pickford and Louise Fazenda.

This was followed by parts as the 'lover' in The Duchess of Buffalo (Sydney Franklin, 1926) with Constance Talmadge, and Stage Madness (Victor Schertzinger, 1927) with Virginia Valli.

He then switched to Paramount where he reached fame with his part in Honeymoon Hate (Luther Reed, 1927) with Florence Vidor. He also acted in the Pola Negri vehicle Three Sinners (Rowland V. Lee, 1928).

With the advent of sound cinema, Carminati moved to New York and joined the company of Basil Rathbone. Critics liked his elegance, openness and sobriety, while audiences loved his foreign accent and Latin lover image. His American stage career was confirmed with Strictly Dishonorable by Preston Sturges, which ran for two years in 1930-1931 in some 725 shows. The continuous success of this play reopened the doors of Hollywood for Carminati.

Until 1940, he continued to play in various films, like Gallant Lady (Gregory LaCava, 1933), Moulin Rouge (Sydney Lanfield, 1934) with Constance Bennett, and One Night of Love (Victor Schertzinger, 1934) with Grace Moore.

In Europe he played the male lead in the Franco-Italian production Marcia nuziale/The Wedding March (Mario Bonnard, 1935), starring Kiki Palmer. After another Broadway show, he acted in the romantic comedies Let’s Live Tonight (Victor Schertzinger, 1934) with Lilian Harvey, and Paris in Spring (Lewis Milestone, 1935) with Mary Ellis, establishing him as the mature Don Giovanni.

In 1936 he acted in two British films by Herbert Wilcox: London Melody (1936) and The Three Maxims (1936), both starring Anna Neagle.

In 1938, after a stay in Italy, he played again on Broadway in By Candle Light, and in 1939 in the comedy Stephen Jumel. In 1940 he played in Hollywood in Sunset in Vienna (Norman Walker, 1940), with Lilli Palmer, and in Safari (Edward H. Griffith, 1940), with Douglas Fairbanks jr. and Madeleine Carroll.

In December 1941, a few days after the US declared war to Italy, Carminati was imprisoned. He was sent back to Italy in May 1942, because of anti-American activities.

In the following year he made his Italian cinema come-back in La via torna/The Street Turns (Pier Luigi Faraldo, 1943) and he joined the company of Elsa de Giorgi and Elena Zareschi, performing in various plays before and after the liberation there.

In 1946 he joined the company Morelli-Stoppa, for which he played in Antigone (Jean Anouilh), directed by Luchino Visconti.

In 1953, after a stage absence of several years, Carminati returned in such plays as Il Ferro (The Iron) by Gabriele D’Annunzio.

From the late 1940s until 1963, Carminati acted in various films in Italy, Spain, France and the US. Memorable titles are La Chartreuse de Parme/The Charterhouse of Parme (Christian Jaque, 1948) starring Gérard Philipe, La madonnina d’oro/The Golden Madonna (Ladislao Vajda, 1949) with Phyllis Calvert, La Beauté du diable/Beauty and the Devil (René Clair, 1950), the box office hit Roman Holiday (William Wyler, 1953) with Audrey Hepburn, Giovanna d’Arco al rogo/Joan of Arc at the Stake (Roberto Rossellini, 1954) with Ingrid Bergman, War and Peace (King Vidor, 1956), the epic El Cid (Anthony Mann, 1961) featuring Charlton Heston.

His final film was The Cardinal (Otto Preminger, 1963). Tullio Carminati died in 1971 in Rome because of a brain haemorrhage. He was 78.

Tullio Carminati and Grace Moore in One Night of Love
British postcard in the Film Partners Series, London, no. P 151. Photo: Columbia. Publicity still for One Night of Love (Victor Schertzinger, 1934).

Tullio Carminati
British postcard. Photo: Paramount. Publicity still for Paris in Spring/Paris Love Song (Lewis Milestone, 1935).

Tullio Carminati
Italian postcard. Photo: Aser, Roma. Publicity still for La vita torna (Pier Luigi Faraldo, 1943) in which Carminati had the male lead.

Sources: Roberta Ascarelli (Italian - Treccani), Vittorio Martinelli (Italian - Il cinema muto italiano), Wikipedia (Italian and English), and IMDb. IMDbmisspells and misdates quite a few of the Italian silent films of Carminati, and so does Wikipedia. Although both sites are invaluable sources for this blog, they are not infallible in their facts on European films. But to be honest, neither is EFSP :)

Noël-Noël

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Noël-Noël (1897-1989) was a beloved French character actor and screenwriter. He appeared in 45 films between 1931 and 1966. His talents were diversified and he was known for his strong leftist political beliefs which seeped into many of his film scripts.

Noël-Noël
French postcard by Editions P.I., Paris, no. 60. Photo: Studio Piaz.

A blundering, chronically confused soldier


Noël-Noël was born Lucien Édouard Noël in Paris in 1897. He was the son of Charles Celestin Noël, a wine merchant (then employed at the Bank of France), and Marie Eugenie Mathieu. He studied at the Lycee Turgot and learned to play piano. From 1914 till 1917, he was a trainee at the Bank of France, before he left for military service and was mobilized.

After the war, he became a cartoonist for the magazine Le Canard enchaîné and the leftist newspaper l’Humanité. From 1920 on, he started to perform as singer. He made his stage debut at the music hall Noctambules, accompanying himself at the piano.

He also was a skillful songwriter. He participated in the revues of the Théâtre de Dix-Heures: Ah! La bonne heure (1927) and C'est l'heure exquise (1928). He continued to write and to compose songs, which he recorded for Odéon.

With a lead role in the comedy La Prison en folie/Prison Madness (Henry Wulschleger, 1930), he began an acting career in film. He appeared in such films as the drama Mistigri (Harry Lachman, 1931) opposite Madeleine Renaud, the comedy Monsieur Albert/Mister Albert (Karl Anton, 1932) with Betty Stockfeld, L'Innocent/Bouquets from Nicholas (Maurice Cammage, 1937), which he also co-wrote, and Sur le Plancher des vaches/On solid ground (Pierre-Jean Ducis, 1940) for which he solely wrote the scenario.

Noël-Noël became a star and he acted more rarely on stage. From October 1938 to the war, he hosted a show on Radio City with Saint-Granier. During the occupation of France, he continued to perform on stage. In 1943. he was banned by the Nazis after singing Vaches de boches.

In 1926, during his years in the music halls and cabarets, he had created the comic character Adémaï, a blundering, chronically confused soldier. Adémaï became the cunning victim of countless misadventures in a series of (short) films written by singer and writer Paul Coline: Adémaï et la Nation armée/Adémaï and the armed nation (Jean de Marguenat, 1932), Adémaï Joseph à l'O.N.M./Ademai Joseph at the Weather Tower (Jean de Marguenat, 1933), Adémaï aviateur/Skylark (Jean Tarride, 1934) with Fernandel, Adémaï au Moyen Âge/Adémaï in the Middle Ages (Jean de Marguenat, 1935) opposite Michel Simon, and Adémaï bandit d'honneur/Everything 'Appens to Me (Gilles Gragnier, 1943) with Georges Grey.

In the last part of the series, Adémaï au poteau-frontière/Adémaï at the post-border (Paul Coline, 1949), the character is played by Paul Coline himself.

Noël-Noël
French postcard by J.R.P.R., Paris, no. 434. Photo: Studio Lorelle.

Noël-Noël
French postcard by Editions P.C., Paris, no. 168. Photo: G.L. Manuel Frères.

Mr. Orchid


In 1945, the year following the Liberation of France, Noël-Noël played the role of Matt Clement in La Cage aux rossignols/A Cage of Nightingales (Jean Dréville, 1945), for which he also participated on the script. Attracting an audience of over five million, it was the most popular French film to be seen in France in 1945. It was nominated for the Academy Award for Best Story and later inspired the successful comedy-drama Les Choristes/The Chorus (Christophe Barratier, 2004).

James Travers at French Films Site: “La Cage aux Rossignols is an engaging film that still has an impact. It effectively makes the point that children thrive better in an environment of mutual respect, where they are encouraged to develop their individual talents, rather than one in which they are brutalised and subjected to inflexible rules administered by unthinking automata with fascistic tendencies.”

Noël-Noël’s greatest role is probably the lead in the drama Le Père tranquille/Mr. Orchid (René Clément, 1946). He played an average, apparently selfish man mainly concerned with orchids, who actually is the leader of a network of the French Resistance.

Hal Erickson at AllMovie: “Droll French comedian Noel-Noel essays the title role in Le Pere Tranquille (The Quiet Daddy). Contrary to expectations, the star isn't a secret father, but in fact the unknown head of a WW2 resistance movement. By playing the fool whenever the Nazis are around and about, Noel-Noel is able to conceal his double life and successfully carry out his various sabotage missions. This deft combination of comedy and melodrama builds to a particularly suspenseful climax.”

This film, which was entered in the competition of the Cannes Film Festival allowed Noël-Noël to abandon comic roles for a while, but soon he returned with Les Casse-pieds/The Spice of Life (Jean Dréville, 1948). In 1950, he directed the musical La Vie chantée/Life in a Song, in which he performs many of his hits.

Among his popular successes is also the film À Pied, à cheval et en voiture/On Foot, horse and on wheels (Maurice Delbez, 1957) with Denise Grey, which was followed by À Pied, à cheval et en spoutnik/Hold Tight for the Satellite (Jean Dréville, 1958), for which Noël-Noël also worked on the scenario.

He played in Messieurs les ronds-de-cuir/The Bureaucrats (Henri Diamant-Berger, 1959) and in the entertaining comedy Les Vieux de la vieille/The Old Guard (Gilles Grangier, 1960) with Jean Gabin and Pierre Fresnay as a trio of irritable, temperamental grouchy men.

From then on, he gradually abandoned the screen. With Jean Dréville, he created the Science-Fiction TV Mini-Series Le Voyageur des siècles (1971), about a journey back in time. Then, Noël-Noël retired and lived in Nice in the South of France. There he died in 1989. He was 92.

He was married twice. In 1920, he married his first wife, Bertha Marie Genevieve Cornet. In 1930, he married Isabelle Jeanne Rosa Julie Lavallée.

Noël-Noël
French postcard by Erpé, no. 510. Photo: Studio Harcourt.

Noël-Noël
French postcard by S.E.R.P., Paris, no. 83. Photo: Studio Harcourt.

Sources: James Travers (French Films Guide), Hal Erickson (AllMovie), Gary Brumburgh (IMDb), AllMovie, Wikipedia (French and English), and IMDb.

Margit Nünke

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Gorgeous German actress Margit Nünke (1930) started as a fashion model and beauty queen. Between 1957 and 1965 she played in nine films.

Margit Nünke
German postcard by Ufa, Berlin-Tempelhof, no. FK 3615. Photo: Wesel / Berolina / Herzog Film. Publicity still for Das haut hin/The skin-out (Géza von Cziffra, 1957).

Margit Nünke
German postcard by Ufa, Berlin-Tempelhof, no. FK 3614. Photo: Wesel / Berolina / Herzog Film.

Miss Germany


Margit Nünke was born in Stettin, Germany (now Szczecin, Poland) in 1930. She became Miss Germany in 1955 after previously being Miss North Rhine-Westphalia.

The following year, 1956, she won the Miss Europe pageant in Stockholm before 12 other candidates and in front of 5,000 spectators. Finally, she reached the 4th place at the Miss Universe contest in Long Beach, USA, in 1958 (in 1955, according to Wikipedia).

From 1957 on she appeared in feature films and TV movies. In Italy, she acted opposite Rik Battaglia and Sylva Koscina in I fidanzati della morte/The betrothed of death (Romolo Marcellini, 1957).

In the German musical comedy Das haut hin/The skin-out (Géza von Cziffra, 1957), she appeared opposite the popular Peter Alexander. On TV she starred in the crime mini-series Gesucht wird Mörder X/Wanted murderer X (Volker von Collande, 1959).

In the Austrian film Geliebte Bestie/Arena of Fear (Arthur Maria Rabenalt, 1959), she put her dancing skills to the test. The film plays in the circus milieu, and Nünke played Beatrix, a dancer who plans to act in an animal cage and plays up to circus tiger trainer Gerhard Riedmann so that she can join his act. Nünke also seduces the sharpshooter (Willy Birgel), who becomes jealous and drugs the tigers, then kills himself when he's found out.

Rik Battaglia and Margit Nünke in I fidanzati della morte (1957)
German postcard by Kunst und Bild, Berlin-Charlottenburg, no. T 850. Photo: Deutsche Cosmopol / Ringpress / Vogelmann. Publicity still for I fidanzati della morte/The betrothed of death (Romolo Marcellini, 1957) with Rik Battaglia.

Margit Nünke, Gerhard Riedmann
Dutch postcard by DRC Holland, no. 1223. Photo: Ufa. Publicity still for Geliebte Bestie/Arena of Fear (Arthur Maria Rabenalt, 1959) with Gerhard Riedmann.

Lighter-than-light entertainment


In the next decade, Margit Nünke continued to appear in German lighter-than-light entertainment films with such film partners as Walter Giller and Toni Sailer.

Titles include the Conny Froboess comedy Meine Nichte tut das nicht/My Niece Doesn't Do That (Franz Josef Gottlieb, 1960), and Liebesgrüße aus Tirol/With Love from Tyrol (Franz Antel, 1964) with Peter Weck and Gitte Hænning.

For TV, she worked a few times with comedian Willy Millowitsch, such as in Der kühne Schwimmer/The bold swimmer (Willy Millowitsch, 1960).

As a singer, she recorded several singles, including the duet Jede Woche, die hat 7 Tage (Every week has 7 days) with Peter Garden. They married. Together, they performed in his TV-series Garden-Party (1969-1970).

After an interval of more than a decennium, she appeared in the TV series Eine Klasse für sich - Geschichten aus einem Internat/A class apart (Frank Strecker, 1984) and in an episode of the comedy series Heiße Wickel - kalte Güsse/ Hot Wraps - cold treatments (Franz Josef Gottlieb, 1984). These were her last screen appearances.

Margit Nünke lives in Munich, Germany.

Margit Nünke
German postcard by Ufa, Berlin-Tempelhof, no. 4332. Photo: Ringpress / Vogelmann.

Margit Nünke
German postcard by WS-Druck, Wanne-Eickel, no. 189. Photo: dpa.

Sources: Hal Erickson (AllMovie), Wikipedia (German and English) and IMDb.

G. L. Manuel Frères

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Today two French brothers in our series on film star photographers, Henri Manuel (1874-1947) and Gaston Manuel (1880-1967). Between the two World wars, their studio G. L. Manuel Frères portrayed 'tout' Paris: Auguste Rodin, Mistinguett, Eric Satie, Josephine Baker, Aristide Bruant, Colette, Jules Renard, and Yvonne Printemps.

Mistinguett
Mistinguett. French postcard by FA, no. 67. Photo: H. Manuel. Collection: Didier Hanson.

Colette
French novelist and performer Sidonie-Gabrielle Colette. French postcard by A.N. Paris, no. 22. Photo: Henri Manuel.

Yvonne Printemps
Yvonne Printemps. French postcard by Editions A.N., Paris, no. 24. Photo: G.L. Manuel Frères.

Dancers and actresses from the music halls and casinos


Henri Manuel was born in Paris in 1874. His brother Gaston was six years younger and born in 1880, also in the French capital.

In 1900, the two brothers opened their portrait studio in Paris, G. L. Manuel Frères (Gaston Lucien Manuel Brothers)

They specialised in portrait photography. Henri Manuel quickly became renowned as a photographer of people from the worlds of politics, art and sports, as well as a photographer of art and architecture.

Notable authors they portrayed include Tristan Bernard, Jean Cocteau, Colette, Sacha Guitry, Paul Morand, and Marcel Pagnol. Other figures include Louis Barthou, prime minister of France in 1913; Georges Clemenceau, statesman and twice prime minister; Marshal of France Ferdinand Foch, allied supreme commander in World War I; Vicomtesse Marie-Laure de Noailles; and Raymond Poincar president of France from 1913 to 1920.

Henri also produced postcards of dancers and actresses from the music halls and casinos and his name is sometimes appended to Reutlinger postcards, indicating there was a collaboration of some form.

Soon his portraits were used by news agencies, and in 1910 Manuel's studio began providing a commercial service to news agencies for photographs known as 'l’Agence universelle de reportage Henri Manuel'.

Sylvie
Sylvie. French postcard. Photo: Manuel. The caption goes: 'Souvenir d'un bonne soirée' (Memory of a nice night). On the verso lines from the play Vieil Heidelberg.

Victor Boucher
Victor Boucher. French postcard by A.N., Paris, no. 22. Photo G.L. Manuel Frères.

Nazimova
Nazimova. French postcard, no. 344. Photo: Studio G.L. Manuel Frères. Collection: Didier Hanson.

Saint-Granier
Saint-Granier. French postcard by A.N., Paris, no. 52. Photo: G.L. Manuel Frères.

Vera Korène
Vera Korène. French postcard. Photo: G.L. Manuel Frères. Collection: Didier Hanson.

The naked reality of imprisonment


From 1914 till 1944, Henri Manuel served as the official photographer of the French government. Manuel also produced numerous photo reports during official ceremonies.

The studio became the largest photographic studio in Paris and a leading centre where young aspiring photographers such as Paris-based American photographer Thérèse Bonney might go to work.

In 1925, the brothers moved their business to 27 rue du Faubourg in Montmartre, where they expanded their business into fashion photography for the likes of Chanel, Patou, Poiret and Lanvin.

Manuel worked for thirty fashion magazines and especially for La Femme de France (1922-1935), Les Grandes Modes de Paris (1906-1931), Les Modes de la femme de France (1922-1935), and Le Petit Écho de la mode (1928-1936).

Between 1928 and 1932, Henri Manuel was also the remarkable witness of the Clairvaux prison. He took 132 shots of Clairvaux which give a striking image of the French prison system in the first half of the twentieth century. He photographed the naked reality of imprisonment, labour, discipline for the hundreds of prisoners but also the environment of their guards.

By 1941 the studio had produced over a million images, spread between fashion photographs, news agency photographs, personal portraits and other images.

The studio was sequestered during the Second World War, and the majority of the photographic plates have been destroyed after 1945.

Some 600 plates survived and were purchased by the state in 1988. They are held at the photo archive of the Médiathèque de l’architecture et du patrimoine.

Henri Manuel was married with Rachel Camille Meyer. He died in 1947 in Neuilly-sur-Seine. Gaston died in 1967.

Raquel Meller
Raquel Meller. French postcard by Cinémagazine Edition, no. 339. Photo: G.L. Manuel Frères.

Colette Darfeuil
Colette Darfeuil. French postcard by Europe, no. 588. Photo: G.L. Manuel Frères.

Cécile Sorel
Cécile Sorel. French postcard by E.C. (Editions Chantal), Paris, no. 59. Photo: G.L. Manuel Frères, Paris.

Damia
Damia. French postcard by Editions Chantal (EC), no. 49. Photo: G.L. Manuel Frères.

Käthe von Nagy
Käthe von Nagy. German postcard by Ross Verlag, no. 6850/2, 1931-1932. Photo: G.L. Manuel Frères, Paris / Ufa. Collection: Didier Hanson.

Check out our other posts on film star photographers. See the links at right under the caption 'The Photographers'.

Sources: Médiathèque de l’architecture et du patrimoine (French), L'Est Eclair (French), John Toohey (Luminous Lint), Wikipedia (English and French).
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